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Unit 1 - Systems Components and Their Representation: System

This document discusses control systems and their components. It defines a system as elements connected to perform a function. A control system varies input to control output. Open loop systems operate independently of output, while closed loop systems adjust input based on feedback from output. Examples of each are electric hand dryers and washing machines. Open loop systems are simpler but less accurate, while closed loop systems are more accurate and stable, though also more complex. Mathematical models of control systems use differential equations to represent relationships between physical components' inputs and outputs.

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Dhanaraj P
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241 views13 pages

Unit 1 - Systems Components and Their Representation: System

This document discusses control systems and their components. It defines a system as elements connected to perform a function. A control system varies input to control output. Open loop systems operate independently of output, while closed loop systems adjust input based on feedback from output. Examples of each are electric hand dryers and washing machines. Open loop systems are simpler but less accurate, while closed loop systems are more accurate and stable, though also more complex. Mathematical models of control systems use differential equations to represent relationships between physical components' inputs and outputs.

Uploaded by

Dhanaraj P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 1 - SYSTEMS COMPONENTS AND THEIR REPRESENTATION

System:
Number of components or elements connected in a sequence to perform a specific
function.

Control System:
In a system when the output quantity is controlled by varying the input quantity.
EXAMPLES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM
OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

The control action is totally independent of The output has an effect on the input quantity
output of the system then it is called open in such a manner that the input quantity will
loop control system. adjust itself based on the output generated is
called closed loop control system

Examples:
Examples:
• Electric hand drier
• Electric hand drier
• Automatic washing machine 
• Automatic washing machine 
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OPEN LOOP CONTROL CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
SYSTEM SYSTEM
• ADVANTAGES: • ADVANTAGES:
1. Simple in construction and design. • Accurate.
• This system is less affected by noise.
2. Economical.
• The sensitivity of system may be made small to
3. Easy to maintain.
make system more stable.
4. Generally stable. • Accurate even in the presence of non-linearity.

• DISADVANTAGES: • DISADVANTAGES:
1. They are inaccurate and unreliable. 1. They are costlier AND complicated to design.
2. Any change in output cannot be corrected 2. Feedback leads to oscillatory response.
automatically
3. Overall gain is reduced due to presence of feedback.
4. Stability is the major problem and more care is
needed to design a stable closed loop system
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CONTROL SYSTEMS

• Control system – Collection of physical components


• Input and output relations of physical components of a system are governed by
differential equations.
• Mathematical model of control systems – set of differential equations.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Mechanical Translation systems and Mechanical Rotational Systems

Mechanical Translation systems


Basic Elements of Mechanical Translation systems

Mass Spring Dash-pot


NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION FOR TRANSLATION SYSTEM

Sum of forces acting on a body is zero (or) Sum of applied forces is equal to the sum of
opposing forces on a body.
EXAMPLE

fB2 f1
fK2 MASS fm
fK1 fB1

f2

By Newton’s Second Law


f1 + f2 = fm + fB1 + fB2 + fK1 + fK2
FORCE EQUATIONS
Mechanical Translation systems
Mass Dash-pot Spring
PROBLEM 1
PROBLEM 1
X1
• There are 2 nodes (mass) in the system. fk1 fb
• Mass 1: fm1
fk
• Free body diagram
fb1

By using Newton’s Second Law


fm1 + fb1 +fb + fk + fk1 = 0

MASS 1
PROBLEM 1
fb X
• Mass 2:
fm2 f(t)
• Free body diagram
fk

fb2

By using Newton’s Second Law


fm2 + fk +fb + fb2 = f(t)
MASS 2
QUIZ
• QUIZ 1: https://forms.gle/qjyaH4f3cXfmDujy6

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