MEERUT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
UNIT-1
Part-3
Analogy Between Electrical System and Mechanical System
BASIC SIGNALS AND SYSTEM (KEE-303)
BY- Mr. Avinash Kumar
Asst. prof. (EE)
OUTLINE
Introduction to Analogous System.
Force-Voltage Analogy.
Force-Current Analogy.
Example on Analogous System.
Mechanical Equivalent Network.
AVINASH KR CHAUHAN 2
ANALOGOUS SYSTEM
Apply KVL in Series RLC
Circuit
aaanna
di 1
E Ri L idt
(1)
dt C
or dq d 2q 1
E R L q (2)
dt dt 2
C
AVINASH KR CHAUHAN 3
Consider parallel RLC
circuit and apply KCL
E 1 dE
I R L Edt C
(3)dt
Edt, E dt
d 1 d 1 d
I ( ) 2 2
R dt dt (4)
C
L
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Translational system
If a bodyis moving in a straight line then the motion is known as
translational motion.
There are three type of forces that resist the motion in this system.
(a)Inertia Force:- Force due to the mass (M) of the body. Let a is the
acceleration then.
Inertia force FM(t) = M. a(t)
Or FM(t) = M. = M.
Where v(t)= velocity, x(t) = displacement
(b) Damping force:- this force exist due to viscous friction
Damping force FD(t) ∝ velocity (v)
So FD(t) = B. v(t)= B.
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CHAUHAN
Translational system
Spring Force:- A spring stores potential energy.
Thus, Restoring force Fk(t) ∝ displacement (x)
Fk(t) = K. x(t)
For a translation system above three force oppose the motion caused by
applied force. So according to D’ Alembert principle “For any body the
algebraic sum of externally applied forces and the sum of resisting forces
in any given direction is zero” or
Similarly for a rotational system
Where J= Intertia torque, B = Damping torque, K = spring torque, θ(t)=
angular displacement AVINASH KR CHAUHAN 6
We know the equation of mechanical system
d 2 x(t) dx(t)
F (t) M B Kx(t)
dt 2
(5) dt
Compare equation(5) with equation(2)
FORCE –VOLTAGE ANALOGY (f-v)
S.NO. TRANSLATIONAL SYSTEM ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
1. Force (F) Voltage (E)
2. Mass (M) Inductance (L)
3. Stiffness (K), Elastance Reciprocal of C,
(1/K) Capacitance
(C)
4. Damping coefficient (B) Resistance (R)
5. Displacement (x) Charge (q)
4
SYED HASAN
AVINASH SAEED
KR CHAUHAN 7
Mech. system Current Electrical system
Force(F) Current (I) EMF (E)
Mass (M) Capacitance (C) Inductance (L)
Damping 1/R Resistance (R)
coefficient (B)
Spring constant 1/L 1/C
(K)
Displacement Flux(phi) Charge (q)
(x(t))
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CHAUHAN
Compare equation (5) with equation (4)
FORCE-CURRENT ANALOGY
S.NO. TRANSLATIONAL SYSTEM ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
1. Force (F) Current (I)
2. Mass (M) Capacitance (C)
3. Damping coefficient (B) Reciprocal of resistance
(1/R) i.e conductance (G)
4. Stiffness (K), Elastance Reciprocal of inductance
(1/K) (1/L)
5. Displacemx ent (x) Flux linkage (φ)
6. Velocity Voltage (E)
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For rotational system
d(t) d (t)
T (t) J dt B dt K (t)
(6) Torque-voltage (T-V) analogy
Compare equation(2) with equation (6)
S.NO. ROTATIONAL SYSTEM ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
1. Torque (T) Voltage (E)
2. Moment of inertia (J) Inductance (L)
3. Damping coefficient (B) Resistance (R)
4. Stiffness (K), Elastance (1/K) Reciprocal of capacitance
(1/C). Capacitance (C)
5. Angular displacement (θ) Charge (q)
6. Angular velocity (ω) Current (I)
AVINASH KR CHAUHAN 1
0
Compare equation (4) with equation (6)
TORQUE(T)-CURRENT (I) ANALOGY
S.NO. ROTATIONAL SYSTEM ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
1. Torque (T) Current (I)
2. Moment of inertia (J) Capacitance (C)
3. Damping coefficient (B) Reciprocal of resistance (R),
conductance (G)
4. Stiffness (K), Elastance (1/K) Reciprocal of inductance (1/L)
5. Angular displacement (ω) Flux linkage (φ)
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1
Draw the analogous electrical network of the given fig. using f-v
analogy
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2
MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT NETWORK
PROCEDURE TO DRAW THE MECHANICAL EQUVALENT
NETWORK:
Step 1: Draw a reference line.
Step 2: Corresponding to the displacement x1 x2
….select the nodes.
Step 3: Connect one end of masses to the reference line
Step 4: Connect other elements of the system to
the
nodes.
Step 5: Applynodal analysis, write the system
equations.
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3
Example: Draw the mechanical network of the given
system
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