Basic Life Support & CPR Training Course

Course Administration

• Emergency procedures
• Facilities:
 first aid, prayers, refreshments and toilets
• Documentation:
 class roster
• Restrictions:
 smoking, telephones and pagers
• Introductions:
 name, company, position and expectations of
course Corp Form 94 Rev1
 Course Aims

• The aim of the course is to provide

attendees with knowledge, understanding
and skill of:
 basic life support
 using first aid equipment and materials
 administering first aid to stabilize casualties

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 Course Objectives

• On completion of course attendees will be able

to:
 correctly administer basic life support techniques in
mouth-to-mouth and cardiac pulmonary
resuscitation
 correctly manage a simulated unconscious
casualty
 control bleeding and apply basic bandaging
 describe prevention of disease transmission
 demonstrate management of casualties in shock

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 First Aid
• Definition:
First aid is the immediate temporary
assistance or treatment provided to an
person injured or suddenly becoming ill.

• The principles of first aid are to:

 preserve life
 prevent deterioration of casualties
 promote recovery of casualties

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 Precautions

• Treating a casualty:
 wash hands before and after treatment
 wear protective latex gloves
 cover cuts or abrasions with waterproof
plasters
 avoid touching open wounds or wound
dressings
 place soiled dressings placed in plastic
bag clearly marked ‘contaminated
waste’
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 Immediate Response

• Initial actions in event of a casualty:

 remain calm
 assess situation
 control situation
 comfort casualty
 check vital signs
 diagnose injury or illness
 evaluate situation
 summon assistance
 provide treatment or transportation

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 Urgency

• Immediate attention essential if

no breathing and no pulse:
• Otherwise within:
 4 - 6 minutes brain damage
possible
 6 - 10 minutes brain damage
probable
 more than 10 minutes severe
brain damage or death

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 Life Threatening Conditions

• Life threatening
conditions:
 asphyxia
 heart attack
 severe bleeding
 shock
 unconsciousness

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 Sudden Illness

• Sudden illness may be caused

by:
 heart attack
 brain stroke
 epilepsy
 diabetes
 hysteria or fainting

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 Assessment

 Safety of site
 Casualty:
• consciousness
• breathing
• pulse
• injury
• bleeding
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 Vital Signs

Primary assessment vital signs:

Breathing - cycles per minute:
• Adult 10 - 20
• Child 20 - 30
• Infant 30 - 40
Pulse - beats per minute:
• Adult 60 - 80
• Child 80 - 100
• Infant 100 - 140

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 Consciousness

• Levels of
consciousness:
 fully conscious
 drowsy
 stupor
 coma

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 Unconsciousness

• Causes of unconsciousness:
 diabetes, heart attack or stroke
 head injury
 asphyxia
 shock, seizure or convulsions
 bleeding
 poisoning or allergies
 heat stroke or hypothermia
 alcohol or drugs
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 Secondary Assessment

Head to toe assessment:

 Injury or bleeding to:
• head or neck
• chest
• abdomen
• upper limbs
• lower limbs
• abnormal temperature or
• skin colour and sweating

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 Respiratory Failure

• Respiratory failure may be

caused by:
 lack of oxygen
 airway obstruction
 swallowing tongue or foreign body
 chest compression
 stab wound
 strangulation or suffocation

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 Artificial Respiration

• How to perform artificial

respiration:
 1 breath every 5 seconds
(12 per minute)

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 Heart Attack

• Heart attack signs and

symptoms:
 severe chest pain radiating to
neck, arm and jaw
 sweating
 pale, cold, clammy skin
 rapid, shallow breathing
 nausea or vomiting
 sudden collapse

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 Heart Attack
• Treatment for heart attack:
 lay casualty down
 make comfortable and provide reassurance
 immediately summon medical assistance
 if unconscious, check airway breathing and pulse
 if not breathing, commence artificial respiration
 if no pulse, commence cardio-pulmonary
resuscitation
 transport casualty to hospital as soon as possible

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 Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation

• Airway
• Breath
• Circulation (pulse)

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 Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation

• How to perform CPR:

 30 chest compressions
and
 2 breaths
 summon medical
assistance when casualty
stable

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Recovery Position

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 Stroke
• Stroke is:
 a cerebral haemorrhage:
 caused by blocked blood vessel in brain
 or blood vessel bursting
 casualty losses consciousness
 probable slurred speech
 impaired limb movement
 possible partial paralysis

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 Stroke

• Treatment for stroke:

 lay casualty down
 loosen tight clothing
 immediately summon medical assistance
 if unconscious, check airway breathing and pulse
 if not breathing, commence artificial respiration
 if no pulse, commence cardio-pulmonary
resuscitation
 transport casualty to hospital as soon as possible

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 Shock
• Shock can be caused by:
 blood and fluid loss
 heart attack
 electrocution
 lung damage
 chest injury
 choking
 toxic atmosphere
 allergic reaction

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 Shock

• Signs and symptoms of shock:

 pale cold skin colour and sweating
 weakness or giddiness
 nausea or vomiting
 thirst
 rapid shallow breathing
 rapid weak pulse
 anxious or confused
 unconscious or dead

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 Shock

• Treatment for shock:

 lay casualty down
 elevate lower limbs above level of
heart
 make comfortable and provide
reassurance
 loosen clothing
 summon medical assistance
 do not give casualty anything to drink

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 Seizure

• Seizures are:
 epileptic fits or convulsions
 characterised by twitching spasms
 may be inherent brain abnormality or caused by
• head injury
• narcotics
• flashing lights

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 Seizure

• Signs and symptoms:

 unconsciousness
 falls to ground
 rigidity
 jaw spasm
 temporarily stops breathing
 in cycles over several minutes
 with varying degrees of severity

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 Seizure
• Treatment for seizure:
 lay casualty down
 protect casualty from harm
 check airway, breathing and pulse
 loosen tight clothing
 place casualty in recovery position
 do not place any object between teeth
 summon medical assistance if casualty does not
recover within ten minutes

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 Head Injury
• All head injuries are serious, even if
casualty appears normal, as:
 condition may change
 casualty may become unconscious
 concussion may develop
 compression may occur
 all head injury casualties losing
consciousness even briefly, must be
taken to hospital

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 Head Injury
• Treatment for head injury:
 check airway, breathing and pulse
 if breathing, place casualty in recovery position
 if not breathing, commence artificial respiration
 if no pulse, commence cardio-pulmonary
resuscitation
 if bleeding from ear occurs, place head on side to
drain
 transport casualty to hospital in recovery position

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 Skin

• Skin:
 epidermis
 dermis
 fatty tissue

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 Burns

• Degree of burn
injury:
 superficial burns
 partial burns
 full burns

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Percentage of Burns

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 Burns
• Treatment for burns:
 stop burning process
 if unconscious, check airway breathing and
pulse
 flood affected area with cold water for a least 10
minutes to dissipate heat
 gently remove restrictive jewellery to minimise
infection
 cover area with clean dry dressing
 transport to medical assistance
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 Blood

• Blood circulates body through:

 arteries
 veins
 capillaries
 bleeding occurs when arteries, veins
or capillaries are damage

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 External Bleeding
• Signs and symptoms of external bleeding:
 apparent at source
 arterial bleeding
 venous bleeding
 capillary bleeding

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 Internal Bleeding
• Signs and symptoms internal bleeding:
• bleeding from orifices
• pale, clammy skin, possible bruising
• rapid, weak pulse
 shallow, rapid breathing
 possibly in pain
 excessive thirst
 confusion

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 Bleeding
• Treatment for external bleeding:
 apply direct pressure to wound for at least 10
minutes to stop bleeding
 elevate source of bleeding above level of heart
 excessive bleeding apply pressure to pressure
point
 apply dressing
 treat for shock
 monitor pulse, respiration and consciousness
 transport casualty for medical attention

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 Internal Bleeding

• Internal bleeding may be caused by:

 fractured bones
 skull fractures
 penetrating trauma
 crush or compression injury of internal
organs
 medical conditions such as ulcers

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 Internal Bleeding
• Treatment for internal bleeding:
 lay casualty down
 make comfortable and provide reassurance
 elevate lower limbs above level of heart
 check for other injuries
 monitor pulse and breathing
 transport to medical assistance

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 Eye Injury
• Eye injury may be caused by:
 foreign object, dust or sand in
eye
 wounds inflicted by solid
fragment
 chemical burns
 exposure to arc welding

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 Eye Injury
• Signs and symptoms:
 intense eye pain
 inability to open eye
 redness and or swelling in or
around eye
 watering of eye

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 Eye injury
• Treatment for eye injury:
 prevent casualty from rubbing eye
 clean affected eye with eye wash
 sit casualty down and provide reassurance
 if foreign body in eye cover both eyes without
touching affected area
 transport casualty to medical assistance

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 Heatstroke

• Heatstroke symptoms:
 hot dry skin
 slow strong pulse rate
 noisy breathing
 mental confusion

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 Heatstroke
• Heatstroke treatment:
 lay casualty down in cool shaded area
 remove outer clothing
 wrap casualty in cold, wet sheet and keep wet
 cool until body temperature returns to normal
 replace wet sheet with dry
 monitor casualty
 transport to medical facility

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 Bone Fractures

• Signs and symptoms:

 pain
 swelling
 bruising
 deformity
 loss of function

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 Bone Fractures
• Managing fractures:
 do not move or straighten limb
 control bleeding
 cover open wounds
 immobilize injured area
 apply treatment for shock
 seek or transport to medical assistance

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 Spinal Injury
• Treatment for spinal injury:
 do not attempt to move casualty
 immediately summon medical assistance
 gently support casualties head with both hands
 do not release casualties head unless someone else
takes over
 keep casualty warm and provide reassurance
 do not move casualty, wait for medical assistance

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