Operating Systems: Ms. Uma.S
Operating Systems: Ms. Uma.S
MS. UMA.S
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
COMPUTER SCIENCE/COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE
TIRUPATTUR – 635901
Unit I
Operating Systems Basics
Unit I
Basic Concepts of Operating System
Services of Operating System
Classification of Operating System
Architecture and Design of an Operating System
Process Management
Introduction to Process-Process State
PCB
Process Scheduling
Interprocess Communication
Basic Concepts of Operating Systems
Introduction
Definition – OS
Goals of OS
Basic Concepts of OS-Introduction
OPERATING SYSTEMS – OS
An important part of almost every computer systems
A computer system can be divided into 4 components
The hardware
Operating system
Application programs
User
Basic Concepts of OS-Introduction
Users
OS – Government
Components of the computer systems
Hardware
Software
Data
Memory space
I/O devices …
Basic Concepts of OS-Introduction
OS – control program
OS – focuses on the need to control the various
I/O devices and user programs
Basic Concepts of OS-Introduction
Purpose of OS
Two Goals of OS
Primary Goal
Secondary Goal
Basic Concepts of OS-Introduction
Primary Goal :
To make the computer system convenient to use.
[convenience for the user]
Secondary Goal :
To use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.
Program Execution :
System must be able to load a program into
memory and to run it.
Program must be able to end its execution either
normally or abnormally
Services of Operating System
I/O Operations :
A running program may require I/O
I/O may involve a file or an I/O device,
Specific devices may require special function.
File-System Manipulation :
Programs need to read and write files, create and
delete files by name.
Services of Operating System
Communication :
One process needs to exchange information with
another process.
Two major ways in which communication occurs
1) Communication takes place between processes executing
on the same computer
Message passing
Services of Operating System
Error detection
OS needs to be aware of possible errors.
CPU
Memory hardware
I/O devices
User Programs
For each type of error, OS should take the appropriate action to ensure
correct and consistent computing
Services of Operating System
Resource Allocation
Many different types of resources are managed by the
OS.
When there are multiple users or multiple jobs
running at the same time, resources must be
allocated to each of them
Services of Operating System
Accounting
To keep track
which users used
Protection
Disadvantanges
Advantages
Disadvantages
JOB SCHEDULING
If several jobs are ready to be brought into memory
and when there is not enough room for all of them,
then the system must choose among them.
Making this decision is job scheduling
Multiprogrammed Batched Systems
CPU SCHEDULING
If several jobs are ready to run at the same time, the system
must choose among them.
between them
The switches occur so frequently that users can interact with
Multiprogramming
Advantages
Disadvantages
As numbers of users are interacting with the processor at the same time,
System must have memory management and protection, since several jobs are
scheduling scheme.
Multiprocessor System or Parallel Systems
coupled systems.
Multiprocessor System or Parallel Systems
Memory
Clock
Peripheral Devices
Multiprocessor System or Parallel Systems
Graceful degradation
Ability to continue providing service to the level of surviving
hardware
Fault-tolerant
Task scheduling
Memory management
Master-Slave relationship
Advantages
Increased throughput
Economy of scale
Increased reliability
Distributed Operating System
Nodes
computers
Distributed Operating System
Advantages
Resource sharing
Computation Speedup
Reliability
Communication
Distributed Operating System
Resource Sharing
Sharing of files at remote sites
Processing information in a distributed DB
Printing files at remote sites
Distributed Operating System
Computation Speedup
Computation – partitioned into a number of Sub
computations
Runs Concurrently
Reliability
Communication
Fuel-injection systems
Home-Appliances controllers
Weapon Systems
Real-Time Operating System