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APU CSLLT 10 - Bit Manipulation Commands

The document discusses bit manipulation commands in assembly language. It defines commands like AND, OR, XOR, SHL, SHR, ROL, and ROR. It provides examples of how each command works at the bit level and how it can be used to manipulate data. The key learning points are understanding how bit manipulation commands work and being able to use the commands in assembly language programs.

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Ali Atif
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views

APU CSLLT 10 - Bit Manipulation Commands

The document discusses bit manipulation commands in assembly language. It defines commands like AND, OR, XOR, SHL, SHR, ROL, and ROR. It provides examples of how each command works at the bit level and how it can be used to manipulate data. The key learning points are understanding how bit manipulation commands work and being able to use the commands in assembly language programs.

Uploaded by

Ali Atif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer System Low- Level Techniques

CT073-3-2

Bit Manipulation commands


Topic & Structure of The Lesson

• Bit Manipulation commands

CT073-2-3 and CSLLT Data Presentation


Learning Outcomes

At the end of this topic, You should be able to

- Understand how bit manipulation commands work in


assembly language programs.

- Use assembly language bit manipulation commands.

CT073-2-3 and CSLLT Data Presentation


Key Terms You Must Be Able To
Use
• If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following
terms correctly in your assignments and exams:

– AND
– OR
– XOR
– SHL
– SHR
– ROL
– ROR

CT073-2-3 and CSLLT Data Presentation


Bit Manipulation

In assembly language, data within a register is


normally operated on bitwise (in terms of bits).
Some examples of bitwise instructions are as
follows:-
AND
OR
XOR
SHL
SHR
ROL
ROR
CT073-2-3 and CSLLT Data Presentation slide<5> of 45
AND
Decimal Binary
198 11000110
AND 117 01110101
68 01000100

Example:-

MOV AH,198
AND AH,117

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OR
Decimal Binary
198 11000110
OR 117 01110101
247 11110111

Example:-

MOV AH,198
OR AH,117

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XOR
Decimal Binary
198 11000110
XOR 117 01110101
179 10110011
Example:-

MOV AH,198
XOR AH,117

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How useful are the AND/OR?

• The AND/OR commands are widely used


for masking bit values.
• What is masking?
– It is the task of switching on/off certain bits
within a byte (or word) storage.

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What about the XOR?

• Quite widely used as a command to


initialise a register.
• For example:-

xor ah,ah
• The reason why it is used to initialise is
due to the fact that it runs faster than a
similar mov instruction.

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SHL

Example:-

MOV AH,198
SHL AH,2

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SHL
Shift (AH contents) by two bits to the left

11000110
High order bits
are lost Low order bits
(discarded) (zeros) are
added
1100011000

Shift Direction

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SHR

Example:-

MOV AH,198
SHR AH,2

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SHR
Shift (AH contents) by two bits to the right

11000110 Low order bits


High order bits are lost
(zeros) are (discarded)
added

0011000110

Shift Direction

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ROL

Example:-

MOV AH,198
ROL AH,2

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ROL
Rotates (AH contents) by two bits to the left

Extra high 11000110


order bits are
sent to the low
order position

1100011011

Rotate Direction

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ROR

Example:-

MOV AH,198
ROR AH,2

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ROR
Rotates (AH contents) by two bits to the right
Extra low
11000110 order bits are
sent to the
high order
position

1011000110

Rotate Direction

CT073-2-3 and CSLLT Data Presentation slide<18> of 45


Quick Review Question

• What are the bit manipulation commands?


• What is masking?

CT073-2-3 and CSLLT Data Presentation Slide ‹36› of 39


Summary of Main Teaching Points

• Summary of bit manipulation commands


– AND
– OR
– XOR
– SHL
– SHR
– ROL
– ROR

CT073-2-3 and CSLLT Data Presentation


Question and Answer Session

Q&A

CT073-2-3 and CSLLT Data Presentation


What we will cover next

Flow Control

CT073-2-3 and CSLLT Data Presentation

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