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Digital Image Processing

Digital image processing involves processing digital images through various methods. It has applications in improving images for human interpretation as well as machine applications. Some key techniques involved include image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, segmentation, representation and recognition. The fundamental components of an image processing system include sensors, hardware, software, storage, displays and networking capabilities.

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43 views41 pages

Digital Image Processing

Digital image processing involves processing digital images through various methods. It has applications in improving images for human interpretation as well as machine applications. Some key techniques involved include image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, segmentation, representation and recognition. The fundamental components of an image processing system include sensors, hardware, software, storage, displays and networking capabilities.

Uploaded by

Dickerson Vallejos Manalo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIGITAL IMAGE

Digital Image Processing


PROCESSING
Introduction
Paresh Kamble

by
Paresh Kamble
Introduction

Digital Image Processing

 Processing images which are digital in nature.


History
 In 1920s Submarine cables were used to transmit digitized newspaper
pictures between London and New York using Bartlane systems.

 Specialized printing equipments were used to code the images and


reproduced at receiver using telegraphic printers.

Fig. Image produced using telegraphic printer


History

Fig. 2 Fig. 3

In 1921, photographic printing press improved the resolution and tonal


quality of images.

Bartlane system was capable of coding 5 distinct brightness levels.

It increased to 15 by 1929.
History
After 35 years of improvement in processing technique

In 1964, Computer processing techniques were used to improve picture of


moon transmitted by Ranger 7 at JPL.

This was the basis of modern image processing technique.

Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6


Introduction
 Why do we need Image Processing?

 It is motivated by 2 major applications:


(i) Improvement of pictorial information for
human perception.
(ii) Image processing for autonomous machine
application.
(iii) Efficient storage & transmission.
Introduction
Improvement of pictorial information for human
interpretation and analysis.

Typical applications:
 Noise filtering
 Content Enhancement
 Contrast enhancement
 Deblurring
 Remote sensing
Filtering
Image Enhancement
Image Deblurring
Electro-Magnetic Spectrum
IR Imaging (Performance)

Fig. Thermal / IR view of a Chip


IR Imaging (Natural Calamity)
Fig. IR satellite view of
Augustine volcano
IR Imaging (Night Vision)

Fig. IR image of a sloth at night


IR Imaging (Night Vision)

Fig. Night vision system used by soldiers


IR Imaging (Weather)

Fig. IR Satellite Imagery


IR Imaging (Astronomy)

Fig. Nebula NGC 1514 01 in Visible (left) and Infrared (right)


Ultrasound imaging (Medical)

Fig. Fetus and Thyroid using ultrasound


Seismic imaging (Earthquake)

Fig. Detecting Earthquakes and its cause using cross sectional view
UV imaging (Ozone)

Fig. Detect ozone layer damage


UV imaging (Sun spots)

Fig. Identify sun spots


UV imaging (Solar flares)

Fig. Identify solar flares


X-Ray imaging (Medical)

Fig. X ray of neck


X-Ray imaging (Medical)

Fig. X ray of head


X-Ray imaging (Circuits)

Fig. X ray of a Glucose meter circuit


Gamma-Ray imaging (Medical)

Fig. Gamma ray exposed images


Gamma-Ray imaging (Astronomy)

Fig. Gamma ray bursts in space


Gamma-Ray imaging (Astronomy)

Fig. Gamma ray bursts in space


Gamma-Ray imaging (Astronomy)

Fig. Gamma ray bursts in space


Remote Sensing

Fig. Satellite images of Mumbai suburban(Left) and Gateway of India (Right)


Remote Sensing

Fig. Satellite images of Taj Mahal


Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing
Fundamental steps in DIP
Wavelet &
Color Image Morphological
multiresolution Compression
Processing Processing
processing

Image
Segmentation
Restoration

Image Filtering Knowledge base Representation


& Enhancement & Description

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Fundamental steps in DIP
Image Acquisition:

First process

Involves image preprocessing viz. scaling

Image Enhancement:

Process of image manipulation to make it more suitable for specific use

Different images require different enhancement methods

Subjective technique

Image Restoration:

Based on mathematical or probabilistic models of image degradation thus


objective.
Fundamental steps in DIP
Color Image Processing:

 Gained importance due to increase use of internet

Wavelets:

Used mainly for image data compression & pyramidal representation where
images are divided into smaller regions.

Compression:
Technique for reducing the storage required to save image, or bandwidth
required to transmit it.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)


TIF(Tagged Image File) or TIFF(Tagged Image File Format)
PNG(Portable Network Graphics)
GIF(Graphics Interchange Format)
BMP(Bitmap image file)
Fundamental steps in DIP
Morphological Processing :

 Deals with tools for extracting image components

Segmentation:

 partition an image into constituent parts or objects.

Representation & description:

 follows output of segmentation with raw pixel data usually boundary


information or regional description.

Object recognition:

 process of assigning a label to an object based on its description.


Components of an Image Processing
System
Network

Image Displays Computer Mass Storage

Hardcopy Image Processing Image Processing


H/W S/W

Image Sensors

Problem Domain
Components of an Image Processing
System
Sensors:
 Two elements required to acquire digital images
 Physical device: sensitive to the energy radiated by the object we wish to image.
Digitizer: converts output of physical sensing device into digital form.

Specialized image processing hardware:


 Digitizer + hardware
 Hardware: Performs Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) on entire image.

Computer:
 Image processing system ranging from PC to supercomputer

Image Processing Software:


 Specialized modules performing specific tasks
Components of an Image Processing
System
Mass Storage:
 Image of size 1024 * 1024 pixels with pixel intensity of 8-bit requires 1 Mb
storage space.

Image Displays:
 Flat screen, TV, Monitors, LCD, LED, 3D displays

Hardcopy:
 Laser Printers, Camera Films, Heat Sensitive devices, inkjet units, digital units
like optical and CD-ROM.

Networking:
 Communicating with remote sites on internet.
End of Topic-1

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