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    The Carnot Cycle

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    Patrick Antonio Orge Ching
    Here are the key assumptions I'm making: - The air conditioner operates according to the reversible Carnot refrigeration cycle. This allows us to calculate the minimum power needed. An actual air conditioner would require more power due to irreversibilities. - The temperatures provided (35°C and 15°C) are the evaporator and condenser temperatures in the refrigeration cycle. - Air has a specific heat capacity of 1 kJ/kg°C. Given: - Evaporator temperature: 35°C - Condenser temperature: 15°C - Mass flow rate of air: 1 kg/s Using the Carnot COP relation and given values, the

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    The Carnot Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Patrick Antonio Orge Ching
    690 views9 pages
    Here are the key assumptions I'm making: - The air conditioner operates according to the reversible Carnot refrigeration cycle. This allows us to calculate the minimum power needed. An actual air conditioner would require more power due to irreversibilities. - The temperatures provided (35°C and 15°C) are the evaporator and condenser temperatures in the refrigeration cycle. - Air has a specific heat capacity of 1 kJ/kg°C. Given: - Evaporator temperature: 35°C - Condenser temperature: 15°C - Mass flow rate of air: 1 kg/s Using the Carnot COP relation and given values, the

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    THE CARNOT CYCLE.ppt

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    Here are the key assumptions I'm making: - The air conditioner operates according to the reversible Carnot refrigeration cycle. This allows us to calculate the minimum power needed. An actual air conditioner would require more power due to irreversibilities. - The temperatures provided (35°C and 15°C) are the evaporator and condenser temperatures in the refrigeration cycle. - Air has a specific heat capacity of 1 kJ/kg°C. Given: - Evaporator temperature: 35°C - Condenser temperature: 15°C - Mass flow rate of air: 1 kg/s Using the Carnot COP relation and given values, the

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    690 views9 pages

    The Carnot Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Patrick Antonio Orge Ching
    Here are the key assumptions I'm making: - The air conditioner operates according to the reversible Carnot refrigeration cycle. This allows us to calculate the minimum power needed. An actual air conditioner would require more power due to irreversibilities. - The temperatures provided (35°C and 15°C) are the evaporator and condenser temperatures in the refrigeration cycle. - Air has a specific heat capacity of 1 kJ/kg°C. Given: - Evaporator temperature: 35°C - Condenser temperature: 15°C - Mass flow rate of air: 1 kg/s Using the Carnot COP relation and given values, the

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9
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    The passage discusses the Carnot cycle and its applications to heat engines and refrigerators. The Carnot cycle consists of four reversible processes - two isothermal and two adiabatic processes - that operate between a high and low temperature reservoir.

    The main components of a Carnot cycle are: 1) a gas or working fluid, 2) a high temperature reservoir, 3) a low temperature reservoir, and 4) a heat engine or refrigerator that undergoes the Carnot cycle using the working fluid and reservoirs.

    The four processes that make up a Carnot cycle are: 1) Isothermal expansion, 2) Adiabatic expansion, 3) Isothermal compression, 4) Adiabatic compression.

    THE CARNOT CYCLE

    P-V Diagram
    Reversible Process for a Carnot
    Cycle
    Reversible Isothermal Expansion
    As the gas expands, the temperature of the gas
    tends to decrease. But as soon as the temperature
    drops by an infinitesimal amount dT, some heat is
    transferred from the reservoir into the gas, raising the
    gas temperature to TH. Thus, the gas temperature is
    kept constant at TH.

    Reversible Adiabatic Expansion


    At state 2, the reservoir that was in contact with the
    cylinder head is removed and replaced by
    insulation so that the system becomes adiabatic.
    The gas continues to expand slowly, doing work on
    the surroundings until its temperature drops from
    TH to TL.
    Reversible Isothermal Compression

    At state 3, the insulation at the cylinder head is


    removed, and the cylinder is brought into contact
    with a sink at temperature TL. Now the piston is
    pushed inward by an external force, doing work on
    the gas. As the gas is compressed, its temperature
    tends to rise. But as soon as it rises by an
    infinitesimal amount dT, heat is transferred from
    the gas to the sink, causing the gas temperature to
    drop to TL. Thus, the gas temperature remains
    constant at TL.

    Reversible Adiabatic Compression


    State 4 is such that when the low-temperature
    reservoir is removed, the insulation is put back
    on the cylinder head, and the gas is compressed
    in a reversible manner, the gas returns to its
    initial state (state 1). The temperature rises from
    TL to TH during this reversible adiabatic
    compression process, which completes the cycle.
    The Carnot Efficiency
    The thermal efficiency of any heat engine, reversible or irreversible, is

    For reversible heat engines, the heat transfer ratio in the above relation can
    be replaced by the ratio of the absolute temperatures of the two reservoirs,
    as given by

    Then the efficiency of a Carnot engine, or any reversible heat engine, becomes
    Problem 1
    A Carnot heat engine, shown in Fig.
    6–48, receives 500 kJ of heat per
    cycle from a high-temperature source
    at 652°C and rejects heat to a low-
    temperature sink at 30°C. Determine
    (a) the thermal efficiency of this
    Carnot engine and (b) the amount of
    heat rejected to the sink per cycle.
    Problem 2
    • A heat engine that receives a heat transfer rate
    of 0.9 MW at a high temperature of 710 oC and
    rejects energy to the ambient surroundings at
    360 K. Work is produced at a rate of 318 kW.
    We would like to know how much energy is
    discarded to the ambient surroundings and the
    engine efficiency and compare both of these to a
    Carnot heat engine operating between the same
    two reservoirs.
    THE CARNOT REFRIGERATOR
    AND HEAT PUMP
    The coefficient of performance of any refrigerator or
    heat pump, reversible or irreversible, is given by

    For reversible heat engines, the heat transfer


    ratio in the above relation can be replaced by
    the ratio of the absolute temperatures of the
    two reservoirs, as given by

    Then the COP relations for reversible refrigerators


    and heat pumps become
    Problem 3
    An air-conditioner provides 1 kg/s of air at
    15°C cooled from outside atmospheric air at
    35°C. Estimate the minimum amount of power
    needed to operate the air-conditioner. Clearly
    state all assumptions made.

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