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Water Demand

Water demand refers to the amount of water used within a water system and includes water for consumers, firefighting, system flushing, and operating treatment facilities. It varies seasonally with highest usage in summer. There are different terms to describe water demand such as average annual demand, average daily demand, maximum month demand, and peak weekly demand. Water demand depends on factors like climate, population, cost of water, distribution system, industry, and water quality. The document then discusses types of water demand such as domestic, industrial, institutional/commercial, public use, and fire demand. It also covers wastage and losses that occur in water distribution systems.

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428 views10 pages

Water Demand

Water demand refers to the amount of water used within a water system and includes water for consumers, firefighting, system flushing, and operating treatment facilities. It varies seasonally with highest usage in summer. There are different terms to describe water demand such as average annual demand, average daily demand, maximum month demand, and peak weekly demand. Water demand depends on factors like climate, population, cost of water, distribution system, industry, and water quality. The document then discusses types of water demand such as domestic, industrial, institutional/commercial, public use, and fire demand. It also covers wastage and losses that occur in water distribution systems.

Uploaded by

tejas chikhlikar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Presentation on :

WATER DEMAND
Introduction :

Water demand is the measure of the amount of water used by


the customers within the water system .

 system water demand is the quantity of water that the treatment


plant must produce in order to meet all water needs in the
community.

 Water demand includes water delivered to the system to meet


the needs of consumers , water supply for fire fighting and
system flushing and water required to properly operate the
treatment facilities .

 Water demand varies seasonally with the lowest usage in winter


months and the highest usage in summer months .
Water demand is described in following terms :

 Average Annual Demand (AAD)


 Average Daily Demand (ADD)
 Maximum Month Demand (MMD)
 Peak weakly Demand (PWD)
 Maximum Day Demand (MDD)

Demands described above , expressed in gallons per day


(gpd) can be divided by population or Equivalent Dwelling
units (EDUs) to come up with water demand per person or
per capita and expressed in gallons per capita per day
(gpcd) .
Types of water demand :
1)Domestic Water Demand :
The amount of water necessary
in the residences for drinking ,bathing , cooking ,
washing etc is known as domestic water demand . It depends on the
habit, social status, weather and traditions of the people .
As per IS 1172-1963 , under normal conditions , the domestic
consumption of water in India is about 135 lit/capita/day but in
develop countries this figure may be 325 to 340 lit/capita/day .
Use/Activity Amount (lpcd) % of Total
Drinking and cooking 15 10
Bathing , washing of 75 55
clothes , vessels etc.
Flushing toilets 45 35
Total 135 100

Table :Break-up of minimum domestic water supply standard


2)Industrial Water Demand :
The water needed in the industries
mostly relies on the kind of industries , that are established within
the town . About 20-25% of total water demand i.e. 50
lit/capita/day is normally considered as Industrial water demand .

3)Institution and commercial demand:


This type of water demand
includes the water requirement for the public buildings other than
residences . commercial buildings , malls , colleges , hotels , bus
depots and similar public buildings are comes in these category.
It is about 20 lit/capita/day .
4)Water demand for public use :
Volume of water necessary for
public utility needs like for washing & sprinkling , roads , cleaning
of severs , watering of public Water parks , gardens , public
fountains etc. comes under public demand. Usually 5% of total
water demand for city i.e. 20 lit/capita/day is considered for public
use while designing water supply scheme .

5)Fire demand :
water requirement for fire fighting purpose
under these head the volume of water necessary for fire fighting is
usually computed by making use of various empirical formula .
for Indian conditions kuichings formula provides acceptable
results.
1)kuichings formula : Q = 3182 √p
2)Freeman’s formula : Q = 1136 [(P/10)+10]

Where, Q=Volume of water required in liters/minute


P=Population of city in thousands

3)Buston’s formula : Q = 5663 √p

Q = quantity of water required in liters per day

4)Ministry of urban development manual formula :

Q = 100 √p
Q is in kilo liters / day for P > 50000

5)National board of fire under Writers formula :

Q = 4637 √p [1-0.01 √p] where , Q is in liters / minute


6)Wastage and losses :
There are always losses and wastage
occurs in pipeline while water distribution .

The main reasons of losses are :


1. Damage pipe line and or faulty accessories like valves ,
fittings etc .
2. Water tabs kept open in public or residences causing water
wastage
3. Due to illegal and unauthorized connections

While calculating the total amount of water for a town ; allowance


of 12-15% of total quantity of water is designed to make up for
losses , thefts and wastage of water .
Factors affecting water demand :

 Climate condition
 Size of city
 Cost of water
 Distribution system
 Industry
 Quality of water
Water Demand In Maharashtra & Marathwada

Fig.1)
Marathwada region has been reeling under drought condition since
2013. It is the part of scanty rainfall area of central Maharashtra. The region
coincides with the Aurangabad division of Maharashtra. It includes districts
of Aurangabad, Jalna , Beed , Osmanabad , Nanded , Latur , parbhani ,
Hingoli . Marathwada region has a population of about 1.86 crore and
geographical area of 64.5 thousand sq.km

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