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Discourse Analysis & Phonology

This document discusses phonology and related linguistic concepts. Phonology studies how speech sounds are organized and used in languages. It examines the patterns and types of sounds that native speakers acquire. The document also discusses pronunciation, rhythm, word stress, prominence, and the placing of prominence in words. It notes that in English, rhythm is stress-timed, while in Indonesian prominence placement is not crucial to meaning.

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340 views6 pages

Discourse Analysis & Phonology

This document discusses phonology and related linguistic concepts. Phonology studies how speech sounds are organized and used in languages. It examines the patterns and types of sounds that native speakers acquire. The document also discusses pronunciation, rhythm, word stress, prominence, and the placing of prominence in words. It notes that in English, rhythm is stress-timed, while in Indonesian prominence placement is not crucial to meaning.

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Evitania .p
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Discourse Analysis

&
Phonology

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Introduction

Phonology is a branch of linguistics, closely related to phonetics. It stu


dies the manners of organization and usage of the speech sounds in natural
languages. Phonetics deals with the smallest chunks of language, yet it is i
n connection with other linguistic disciplines Phonology is more interested
in the abstract, that is mental aspects of these sounds. It inquiries into and d
escribes the patterns of sounds and sound types which native speakers acqu
ire intuitively.
PRONOUNCIATION

Pronunciation is the act or result of producing the sounds of speech, including


articulation, stress, and intonation, often with reference to some standard of correctn
ess. Traditional pronunciation teaching has found its strength in the ability of linguis
ts to segment the sounds of language into discrete item called phonemes which, whe
n used in the construction of words, produce meaningful contrasts with other words
(e.g. the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in English give us contrasts such as pump and bump,
pat and bat, act).
Rhythm

Rhythm means the beat of language. In English, rhythm is stress-time


d. This means that the time between two primary stresses is the same. If the
re are many word or syllable between the two primary stresses, then these s
yllable will be pronounced fast; this is why native speakers of English jam t
heir syllables. If, on the other hand, there is only a small number of syllable
s between the primary stresses, then these syllables will be pronounced slo
wly and more clearly.
Word stress and prominence

Word Stress : Refers to the degree of force used in producing syllable.


Prominence : Syllables which stand out in the flow of talk, or duration, or pitch
variation compared with surrounding syllables (and our perception
of this phenomenon will usually be due to a variety of such
features), will be referred to as prominent syllables.

The distinction between them is: - word stress appears in the citation forms of t
he words (sometimes called their isolate pronunciations). prominence given to sylla
bles depends on the choice of the speaker to make certain words salient.
The Placing of Prominence

Syllables which standout in the flow of talk, Or duration or pitch variation. Exa
mple ‘present’ is a noun if the stress is on the first syllable ‘PREsent’, but a verb if i
t is on the second syllable ‘preSENT’.‘present’ is a noun if the stress is on the first s
yllable ‘PREsent’, but a verb if it is on the second syllable ‘preSENT’.
On the other hand, prominence placement is not a crucial matter in Indonesian.
Dardjowidjojo (2009) gives an example, the word ‘memperbanyak’, which has four
syllables, can be pronounced ‘MEMperbanyak, memPERbanyak, memperBAnyak,
or memperbaNYAK, without changing the meaning.

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