Naming Compounds

Naming Compounds
“What's in a name? That which we call a

rose
By any other name would smell as
Background: Valences and Formulas
• We can determine the formula of a compound
by completing Lewis diagrams or via “valence”
• Valence is “the number of electrons an atom
must gain, lose, or share to complete its octet”
• For representative elements valence starts at
1 (IA), climbs to 4 (IVA) and falls back to 1
(VIIA)
• By knowing the valence of elements you can
determine the formula of compounds
• E.g. what compound would form from C + S?
Step 1 - write valences: C4S2
AlBrStep
3 K232S- simplify
ZnO Mg
cross down 3Nvalences:
2 CCl4 CuO
formula: or
CCSS
2 24
Cu 2O
a) Al,Br b) K,S c) Zn,O d) Mg,N e) C,Cl f) Cu,O
Ionic Compounds (metal with 1 valence)
Rules for naming
• Names end in -ide. Example: sodium chloride
• Metal (+ve ion) comes 1st (not chorine sodide)
• Use the group valence for nonmetals
• Do not capitalized unless starting a sentence
Give formulae & name: Ca + I, O + Mg, Na + S
1. Ca2I1 = CaI2 = calcium iodide
2. Mg2O2 = MgO = magnesium oxide
3. Na1S2 = Na2S = sodium sulfide
Multiple Valence: Latin Naming
• When the metal in an ionic compound is multi-
valent there are 2 methods: Latin or IUPAC
• Latin is older (not useful for some compounds)
• As before, the name ends in -ide & +ve is first
• The metal is named with it’s Latin or English
root and ends in -ic or –ous to denote valence
• E.g. Cu1 is cuprous, E.g. Cu2 is cupric
• Lower = ous, Higher = ic
• Give formulas and Latin names for:
Cu2 + Cl = Cu2Cl1 = CuCl2 = cupric chloride
Co2 + Cl = Co2Cl1 = CoCl2 = cobaltous chloride
• For latin naming: know rules, remember Hg is
an exception, do not memorize Latin names
Multiple Valence: IUPAC Naming
• Name ends in -ide, positive/metal comes first
• The valence of the metal is indicated in
brackets using roman numerals
• E.g. Cu1 is copper(I), Cu2 is copper(II)
• Numbers refer to valences not to #s of atoms
• Try: Cu2+Cl, Zn2 + Cl, Co2+Cl, Hg+S (do both)
Cu2+Cl = Cu2Cl1 = CuCl2 = copper(II) chloride
Zn2+Cl = Zn2Cl1 = ZnCl2 = zinc chloride
Co2+Cl = Co2Cl1 = CoCl2 = cobalt(II) chloride
Hg+S = Hg1S2 = Hg2S = mercury(I) sulfide
Hg+S = Hg2S2 = HgS = mercury(II) sulfide
Compounds containing Polyatomic Ions
• So far we have given valences to single atoms
Li + O Li1O2 → Li2O
• Groups of atoms can also have valences
• “Polyatomic ions” are groups of atoms that
interact as a single unit.(For valence,check your P.T.)
• E.g. OH1, (SO4)2. Ba3(PO4)2 = barium
• Naming compounds with polyatomic phosphateions is
similar to naming other ionic compounds
• You should note that compounds with polyatomic
ions have names ending in -ate or -ite not -ide
• Note that most are negative, except ammonium
• Name: Ca(OH)2, CuSO4, NH4NO3, Co2(CO3)3
Compounds containing Polyatomic Ions
Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide

CuSO4 - copper(II) sulfate
NH4NO3 - ammonium nitrate
Co2(CO3)3 - cobalt(III) carbonate
Naming Covalent Compounds
1 mono • -ide ending, each element has “prefix”
2 di • prefix refers to # of atoms - not valence
N2O4 = dinitrogen tetroxide
3 tri
• Exception: drop mono for first element
4 tetra CO2 = carbon dioxide
5 penta • The first vowel is often dropped to
6 hexa avoid the combination of “ao” or “oo”.
7 hepta CO = carbon monoxide
P O =
(monooxide)
4 10 tetraphosphorus decoxide
8 octa SO2= sulfur dioxide (doxide)
9 nona • Name: CCl4, P2O3, IF7
10 deca
Write and name the
following covalent
compounds (IUPAC):
CCl4
carbon tetrachloride
P2O3
diphosporus trioxide
IF7
iodine heptafluoride For more lessons, visit

www.chalkbored.com
Acid Nomenclature
• Acids
– Compounds that form H+ in water.
– Formulas usually begin with ‘H’.
– In order to be an acid instead of a gas, binary acids must
be aqueous (dissolved in water)
– Ternary acids are ALL aqueous
• Examples:
– HCl (aq) – hydrochloric acid
– HNO3 – nitric acid
– H2SO4 – sulfuric acid
Acid Nomenclature Review
No Oxygen🡪
w/Oxygen
An easy way to remember which goes with which…

“In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”
Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
Acid Nomenclature
• HBr (aq)
• 2 elements, -ide ⇒ hydrobromic acid
• H2CO3
• 3 elements, -ate ⇒ carbonic acid
• H2SO3
• 3 elements, -ite ⇒ sulfurous acid
Acid Nomenclature
• hydrofluoric acid
• 2 elements ⇒ H+ F- ⇒ HF (aq)
• sulfuric acid
• 3 elements, -ic ⇒ H+ SO42- ⇒ H2SO4
• nitrous acid
• 3 elements, -ous ⇒ H+ NO2- ⇒ HNO2
Nomenclature Summary
Flowchart

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“What's in a name? That which we call a

Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide

iodine heptafluoride For more lessons, visit

An easy way to remember which goes with which…

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