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    ISA Introduction To The Test of Protection Relays

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    Cata Catalin
    The document discusses testing protection relays. It describes different test programs that can be used including automated, manual, and advanced editor programs. It also discusses different types of characteristic curves for relays including parameter-time and parameter-parameter curves. Examples are provided for how to test different relay types like distance, directional, differential, and pilot relays using both automated and manual test programs. Manual testing requires computing test values and understanding the characteristic curves to determine the appropriate testing method.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    ISA Introduction To The Test of Protection Relays

    Uploaded by

    Cata Catalin
    233 views23 pages
    The document discusses testing protection relays. It describes different test programs that can be used including automated, manual, and advanced editor programs. It also discusses different types of characteristic curves for relays including parameter-time and parameter-parameter curves. Examples are provided for how to test different relay types like distance, directional, differential, and pilot relays using both automated and manual test programs. Manual testing requires computing test values and understanding the characteristic curves to determine the appropriate testing method.

    Original Description:

    Testarea releelor de protectie

    Original Title

    03 RELAY TESTING

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    The document discusses testing protection relays. It describes different test programs that can be used including automated, manual, and advanced editor programs. It also discusses different types of characteristic curves for relays including parameter-time and parameter-parameter curves. Examples are provided for how to test different relay types like distance, directional, differential, and pilot relays using both automated and manual test programs. Manual testing requires computing test values and understanding the characteristic curves to determine the appropriate testing method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    233 views23 pages

    ISA Introduction To The Test of Protection Relays

    Uploaded by

    Cata Catalin
    The document discusses testing protection relays. It describes different test programs that can be used including automated, manual, and advanced editor programs. It also discusses different types of characteristic curves for relays including parameter-time and parameter-parameter curves. Examples are provided for how to test different relay types like distance, directional, differential, and pilot relays using both automated and manual test programs. Manual testing requires computing test values and understanding the characteristic curves to determine the appropriate testing method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    ISA

    INTRODUCTION TO THE TEST OF


    PROTECTION RELAYS
    RELAY TESTING

    TEST PROGRAMS:
     MANY AUTOMATED TEST PROGRAMS;
     MANUAL TEST PROGRAM;
     SEQUENCER;
     ADVANCED EDITOR.
    RELAY TESTING

    AUTOMATED TEST PROGRAMS:


     RELAY SETTINGS;
     TYPE OF TESTS TO BE PERFORMED;
     SETTING PARAMETERS ARE CONVERTED
    INTO V, I, ANGLES..
     TEST RESULTS.
    RELAY TESTING

    MANUAL TEST PROGRAM:


     V, I, ANGLES TEST VALUES;
     COMPUTE TEST VALUES;
     DECIDE THE TYPE OF TEST;
     UNDERSTAND TEST RESULTS.
    RELAY TESTING

    HOW TO PERFORM THE TEST:


     SETTING VALUES TABLE OR NOMINAL
    CHARACTERISTIC CURVE: PERFORM
    TESTS, CHECK RESULTS;
     MORE DETAILED RELAY INVESTIGATION.
     IF THE AUTOMATIC TEST PROGRAM IS
    NOT AVAILABLE: USE THE MANUAL TEST
    PROGRAM.
    RELAY TESTING
    CHARACTERISTIC CURVES
    TWO TYPES:
     PARAMETER – TIME
     PARAMETER – PARAMETER
    1. PARAMETER – TIME EXAMPLES: TIME
    DEPENDENT OVERCURRENT; FREQUENCY,
    OVER-UNDE VOLTAGE..
    2. PARAMETER-PARAMETER EXAMPLES:
    DISTANCE, DIRECTIONAL, DIFFERENTIAL..
    RELAY TESTING
    PARAMETER – TIME CURVE
    t
    YOU EXECUTE A NUMBER OF TIME
    DELAY MEASUREMENTS, WITH
    INCREASING TEST CURRENTS

    T(I>>)

    I> I>> I
    RELAY TESTING
    THRESHOLD TESTS
    t
    I> TEST: INCREMENT THE CURRENT
    UNTIL THE RELAY TRIPS

    I>> THRESHOLD?
    T(I>) RED LINES: NO
    GREEN LINE: OK?
    IMPOSSIBLE !
    T(I>>)

    I> I>> I
    RELAY TESTING
    I>>, Z< THRESHOLD TESTS
    1. THRESHOLD TIME: (T(I>) + T(I>>)) / 2
    2. CURRENT INCREMENT: 2*P%
    3. TWO TIME TESTS: (I>> - P%); (I>> + P%)
    3. IF T(I>>-P%) > Tth AND T(I>>+P%) < Tth: THRESHOLD OK;
    4. ELSE: AUTOMATIC SEARCH, THAT STOPS WHEN: T(IN) >
    Tth; T(IN+1) < Tth
    5. THRESHOLD VALUE: ITH = (I(N ) + I(N+1))/2; ERROR P%
    t

    T(I>)
    Tth
    T(I>>)
    I

    I2
    I1 I>>
    RELAY TESTING
    I>>, Z< THRESHOLD TESTS

    1. T> AND T>> SHOULD BE KNOWN


    2. P% CAN BE ANY VALUE
    3. YOU CANNOT TEST I>> WITH ONE TEST!
    t

    T(I>)
    Tth
    T(I>>) I

    I1 I>> I2
    RELAY TESTING
    PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE
    X

    DISTANCE RELAY
    ZONE 3
    CHARACTERISTIC

    ZONE 2

    ZONE 1

    WHERE ARE TIME AND THRESHOLD


    MEASUREMENTS?
    RELAY TESTING
    PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE
    X LINE
    Z3 ANGLE
    DISTANCE RELAY
    ZONE 3
    Z2 CHARACTERISTIC

    Z1 ZONE 2

    ZONE 1

    φL

    R
    A GROUP OF PARAMETERS DOES NOT CHANGE DURING
    THE TESTS: ONLY ONE IS THE VARIABLE
    WITH THIS, YOU OBTAIN A PARAMETER VS. TIME CURVE
    RELAY TESTING
    Z VS. TIME CURVE
    TRIP ZONE
    t

    T3

    T2

    T1

    Z1 Z2 Z3 Z

    CURVES ARE OF THE I>> TYPE: TWO TIME TESTS


    (MINIMUM) PER ZONE LIMIT!
    RELAY TESTING
    PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE
     IT IS NECESSARY TO DEFINE THE VARIABLE
    PARAMETER, WHILE THE OTHERS ARE NOT
    CHANGED FOR A GROUP OF TESTS, AND
    PERFORM PARAMETER VS. TIME TESTS.
     TEST RESULTS ARE THRESHOLDS: CURVES JOIN
    THEM
     TEST TO BE EXECUTED: I>> TYPE, AT
    DIFFERENT VALUES.
     PROBLEM: STUDY THE CURVE AND DECIDE THE
    TEST APPROACH
    RELAY TESTING
    OTHER EXAMPLE; PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE

    EARTH DIRECTIONAL 67N: HOW TO TEST IT?

    I t

    V,
    2 Φ = 90°
    I

    4 3 5 V 90° φ
    RELAY TESTING
    OTHER EXAMPLE; PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE

    EARTH DIRECTIONAL 67N: HOW TO TEST IT?


    V-I CURVE
    1. SELECT AN ANGLE WHERE THE RELAY TRIPS;
    2. I IS CONSTANT; V IS INCREMENTED. LIMIT AT 5: SEARCH AT ANGLES
    LESS THAN 45°;
    3. V IS CONSTANT; I IS INCREMENTED;
    4. BOTH V AND I? DEFINE THE RATIO
    5. ANGLE SECTOR? DEFINE V, I, AND

    φ(t) CURVE
    V, I: INTERVENTION. INCREMENT OR DECREMENT THE ANGLE
    RELAY TESTING
    OTHER EXAMPLE; PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE

    REVERSE POWER 32: HOW TO TEST IT?

    Q
    2

    φ
    1 0 P

    -P%

    4
    RELAY TESTING
    OTHER EXAMPLE; PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE

    REVERSE POWER 32: HOW TO TEST IT?

    RELAY SETTINGS: P%, TRIP TIME. EXAMPLE: 1 KW, 5%


    COMPUTE:
    P = V*I*cos(φ); P% = 50 W
    V = VN; VN = 100 V; Vphase = 57,8 V
    POINT 1: φ = 180°; cos(φ) = -1; I = 50/57,8 = 0,865 A NOM
    POINTS 2, 3: φ = 135°; cos(φ) = -0,707; I = 50/(57,8*0,707) = 1.22 A NOM
    POINT 4? I = 2 A; SEARCH THE ANGLE φ SUCH THAT cos(φ) = 50 / (57,8 *
    2) = 0,43; φ = 154° NOM
    RELAY TESTING
    OTHER EXAMPLE; PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE

    LOSS OF FIELD 40: HOW TO TEST IT?

    φ
    0 P

    2 -Q0
    3
    1
    RELAY TESTING
    OTHER EXAMPLE; PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE

    LOSS OF FIELD 40: HOW TO TEST IT?

    RELAY SETTINGS: Q0%, LINE ANGLE, TRIP TIME.


    AS BEFORE, FROM THE VALUE OF Q0 YOU CAN COMPUTE THE VALUE OF I
    AT 270°, AND AT OTHER ANGLES
    POINT 1: φ = 270°; FIND I
    POINT 2: φ = 235°; FIND I
    POINT 3? DEFINE I; SEARCH THE ANGLE φ SUCH THAT THE RELAY
    INTERVENES
    RELAY TESTING
    OTHER EXAMPLE; PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE

    LOSS OF FIELD 40 R-X: HOW TO TEST IT?

    X
    φ
    0 R

    -X1 1

    4 3

    -X2 2
    RELAY TESTING
    OTHER EXAMPLE; PARAMETER-PARAMETER CURVE

    LOSS OF FIELD 40 R-X: HOW TO TEST IT?

    RELAY SETTINGS: -X1, -X2, a = X2-X1; b = R3 – R4


    Z=V/I
    POINT 1: φ = 270°; I = IN; V IS INCREASED
    POINT 2: φ = 270°; I = IN; V = VN; V IS DECREASED
    POINTS 3, 4? DEFINE Z = (X1 + X2)/2; SEARCH INTERVENTION ANGLES
    A AND b CAN NOW BE COMPUTED.
    RELAY TESTING
    MANUAL TEST PROGRAM

    WITH MANUAL TESTS, YOU CAN TEST ANY TYPE OF


    RELAY, BUT:
    • YOU HAVE TO COMPUTE V, I, ANGLES FROM PARAMETER SETTINGS;
    • YOU HAVE TO STUDY THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE AND DECIDE THE
    TESTING METHOD FOR EACH POINT.
    • THE TESTING METHOD IS ALWAYS APPLICABLE, BUT NOT TEST VALUES,
    AS THEY CHANGE WITH RELAY SETTINGS.

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