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    Classification of Psychiatric Disorders by Dr. Fatima

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    Rahul Kumar Diwakar
    This document discusses the classification of psychiatric disorders. It explains that psychiatric disorders are diagnosed based mainly on symptoms, unlike physical conditions which are often classified based on etiology or structural pathology. The purposes of psychiatric classification include making diagnoses, facilitating communication, generalizing treatment responses, and aiding research. The document then outlines various classification approaches including categorical, dimensional, and multiaxial and provides examples of basic categories of disorders. It also distinguishes between organic and non-organic disorders as well as neuroses and psychoses.

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    Classification of Psychiatric Disorders by Dr. Fatima

    Uploaded by

    Rahul Kumar Diwakar
    152 views12 pages
    This document discusses the classification of psychiatric disorders. It explains that psychiatric disorders are diagnosed based mainly on symptoms, unlike physical conditions which are often classified based on etiology or structural pathology. The purposes of psychiatric classification include making diagnoses, facilitating communication, generalizing treatment responses, and aiding research. The document then outlines various classification approaches including categorical, dimensional, and multiaxial and provides examples of basic categories of disorders. It also distinguishes between organic and non-organic disorders as well as neuroses and psychoses.

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    This document discusses the classification of psychiatric disorders. It explains that psychiatric disorders are diagnosed based mainly on symptoms, unlike physical conditions which are often classified based on etiology or structural pathology. The purposes of psychiatric classification include making diagnoses, facilitating communication, generalizing treatment responses, and aiding research. The document then outlines various classification approaches including categorical, dimensional, and multiaxial and provides examples of basic categories of disorders. It also distinguishes between organic and non-organic disorders as well as neuroses and psychoses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    152 views12 pages

    Classification of Psychiatric Disorders by Dr. Fatima

    Uploaded by

    Rahul Kumar Diwakar
    This document discusses the classification of psychiatric disorders. It explains that psychiatric disorders are diagnosed based mainly on symptoms, unlike physical conditions which are often classified based on etiology or structural pathology. The purposes of psychiatric classification include making diagnoses, facilitating communication, generalizing treatment responses, and aiding research. The document then outlines various classification approaches including categorical, dimensional, and multiaxial and provides examples of basic categories of disorders. It also distinguishes between organic and non-organic disorders as well as neuroses and psychoses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    Classification of

    Psychiatric Disorders

    Dr. Fatima Alhaidar


    Professor & Consultant
    Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist
    College of Medicine, KSU.
    Introduction:

     Most of physical conditions are classified on the basis of


    etiology, e.g.: viral pneumonia.
    Or
    On the basis of structural pathology, e.g.:
    Bronchopneumonia.
    Or
    Based on symptoms, e.g. migraine.

     Psychiatric disorders are diagnosed based mainly on


    symptoms.
    Few are based on etiology e.g. Alzheimer’s disease.
    Purposes of Classification:

    1. To make generally acceptable diagnosis.


    2. To facilitate communication between psychiatrists,
    other doctors and professionals.
    3. To make generalizations in treatment response,
    course & prognosis of individual patients.
    4. To make framework for research in psychiatry.
    Types of Classification

    1. Categorical Classification:

    - Grouping disorders into separate entities according to


    symptom – pattern, course and outcome.
    - It includes hierarchal categories.
    e.g.: Organic mental disorders then functional psychotic
    disorders (e.g. Schizophrenia) then neurotic disorder
    (e.g. generalized anxiety disorder) then personality
    disorders.
    - Also it includes in-built hierarchy of significance
    within the disorders themselves.
    e.g.: Anxiety symptoms occur commonly with
    depressive disorder.
    2. Dimensional Classification:

    - Diagnosing individual patients by giving him scores


    on separate dimensions.

    e.g. Psychoticism, neuroticism, introversion and


    extroversion
    3. Multiaxial Approach:

    - Applied to schemes of classifications in which two or


    more separate sets of information are coded
    e.g. DSM, ICD
    The Basic Categories of Classification in Psychiatry:

    1. Mental Retardation – impairment of intellectual


    functioning, present continuously from early life.
    2. Personality Disorders – a pattern of inner feeling
    experience and behavior that deviates markedly from
    the expectations of the individual’s culture, presents
    continuously since adolescence or early adulthood.
    3. Mental Disorders – abnormality of behavior or
    psychological experience with recognizable onset after
    a period of normal functioning.
    4. Stress related or adjustment disorders.
    5. Other Disorders – e.g. Sexual disorders, drug
    dependence
    6. Learning and developmental disorders.
    7. Disorders with onset in childhood or adolescence.
    Psychiatric Disorders

    Organic Non-Organic

    Acute Chronic Others Psychoses Neuroses Others


    Delirum Dementia Alcohol … Schizophrenia Anxiety disorders Personality dis.
    Wernicke’s Korsakoff Head Injury Mood disorders Adjustment dis. Sleep disorder
    Etc…. Etc…. Dysthymia Sex disorder
    Dissociative dis. Suicide
    Neurosis and Psychosis

    Psychosis:
    - unsatisfactory term
    - refers broadly to severe forms of mental disorders such
    as:
    a. organic mental diseases
    b. schizophrenia
    c. affective disorders

    Characteristics:
    - greater severity
    - lack of insight
    - patient’s inability to distinguish between subjective
    experience and reality e.g. hallucinations, delusions.
    Neurosis:
    - unsatisfactory term.
    - Refers to mental disorders that are generally less severe
    than psychosis.

    Characteristics:
    - Symptoms are closer to normal experience e.g. anxiety.
    Neurosis Psychosis

    Severity Minor mental illness Major mental illness


    Features Abnormal in quantity Abnormal in quality
    e.g. anxiety e.g. hallucinates

    Insight Preserved Affected

    Treatment Psychological & drugs Drugs & ECT


    Features Suggesting of Organic Mental Illness:

    1. Disturbed consciousness.
    2. Disturbed cognitive functions:
    a. Attention and concentration
    b. orientation: time, place & person
    c. Memory : immediate, recent and remote
    3. Presence of physical illness e.g. DM, HTN
    4. Presence of neurological features e.g. dysarthria &
    ataxia.
    5. Old age onset.

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