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Kinematics

1. Uniform rectilinear motion with constant velocity can be described by the equation s = vt, where s is displacement, v is velocity, and t is time. 2. Accelerated uniform rectilinear motion occurs when an object moves in a straight line with constant acceleration. The equations relating displacement (s), initial velocity (vo), acceleration (a), and time (t) are s = vot + 1/2at2 and v = vo + at. 3. Vertical motion is an example of accelerated uniform rectilinear motion, with gravitational acceleration (g) as the constant acceleration. The equations of motion depend on whether the motion is upward, downward, or free fall.

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51 views9 pages

Kinematics

1. Uniform rectilinear motion with constant velocity can be described by the equation s = vt, where s is displacement, v is velocity, and t is time. 2. Accelerated uniform rectilinear motion occurs when an object moves in a straight line with constant acceleration. The equations relating displacement (s), initial velocity (vo), acceleration (a), and time (t) are s = vot + 1/2at2 and v = vo + at. 3. Vertical motion is an example of accelerated uniform rectilinear motion, with gravitational acceleration (g) as the constant acceleration. The equations of motion depend on whether the motion is upward, downward, or free fall.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Arif
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIFORM RECTILINEAR MOTION

Based on the velocity- time graph, if the object is moving at steady


speed,
We can write equation of distance related to its velocity and time taken is
equal to the area, this is s = v x t

t
ACCELERATED UNIFORM RECTILINEAR MOTION

2m/s 4m/s 6m/s 8m/s

Beside the uniform rectilinear motion, in physics there is also another


type of straight linear motion, that is motion with linear path and the
acceleration is constant.
Acceleration is defined as change of velocity per unit time. Acceleration
can be found from changes of speed or changes of direction or both of
them.
Anything whose speed is increasing is accelerating
Anything whose speed is decreasing is decelerating
Calculating acceleration
Acceleration = rate of change of velocity
change in velocity
Acceleration (a) =
time taken
Thus, we need to know two quantities, the change in velocity ∆v and the
time taken ∆t.
a = ∆v / ∆t
The moving object accelerates from vo (for the initial velocity) to v (for
the final velocity) in time t( this is the same as the time represented by ∆t
above). Then the acceleration is given by
v - vo
a=
t
The units of acceleration are meter per second squared ( m.s-2)
Deriving the equation of motion

vo Fig.1.3 Constan acceleration

1. Consider an object accelerated fro


2. m initial velocity (vo) to final velocity (v) without change of direction. Let t be the
time taken. Its velocity – time graph is shown in Fig. 1.3
3. The acceleration (a) may be calculated from

v - vo
a= ; v = vo + at
t
2. The displacement ( s) may be calculated from
v - vo v - vo

S = because is the average velocity


t 2
By combining the above two equations by eliminating v, a we will
get futher useful equation.
To do this, firstly substitute vo + a.t into v in equation (2) , This give
•
• vo + vo + at
• S={ } t
• 2

S = vot + ½ a t2
1. S = vo .t + ½ a.t2

The relation between speed ( velocity ), acceleration and distance of


object which moves in accelerated uniform rectilinear motion can be
determined from the equation of v = vo + a .t and S = vo t + ½ a.t2
that is
v2 = vo2 + 2aS

Vertical Motion
The vertical motion is an example of accelerated uniform
rectilinear motion. It is because the object which moves
vertically will be accelerated with constant acceleration and is
called gravitational acceleration. The vertical motion is
comprises of three kinds of motion, that are:
1. Downward vertical motion
If an object dropped from a high position with initial velocity is not
zero ( vo0), then the object will move downward, and it is accelerated
with constant acceleration. Such motion is called downward vertical
motion.
If the air friction and Other factor are neglected, then the equation
of the accelerated uniform rectilinear motion valid in downward
vertical motion is
• h = vo t + ½ g t 2

Meanwhile, the velocity equation of downward vertical motion is


• v = vo + gt
2. Upward vertical motion
If an object is thrown perpendicularly upward, then the object will
move and it has acceleration of approximately -9.8 m/s2.
If the air friction and other factors are neglected, the equations of
downward vertical motion valid for upward vertical motion, but by
taking the gravitational acceleration negative (-g).
The height equation of upward vertical motion is
h = vo.t - ½ g t2
Meanwhile, the velocity equation of upward vertical motion is

v = vo - gt
3. Free fall motion

Everything on or near the Earth feels the pull of gravity.


Where the only force on a given object is the pull of gravity,
the object falls freely falling object is when a
steel ball bearing is allowed to fall. Here the air resistance is
so small that the pull of gravity is effectively the only force on
the ball …..

The initial velocity of object is equal to zero( vo = 0 ) therefore the


equation of free fall motion is
h = ½ gt2
Meanwhile, the velocity equation of free fall motion is
v = gt

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