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Structural Analysis Basics

Structural analysis involves assessing the internal stresses in components of a structure when a load is transferred from the top of the structure to the ground. This allows engineers to determine the suitable size of structural components during the design process. There are four basic types of structures: trusses which use slender triangular members, cables and arches which span long distances, frames made of beams and columns, and surface structures like membranes that are thin and subjected only to tension and compression. Properly classifying structures and their elements is important for engineers during analysis and design.

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34 views7 pages

Structural Analysis Basics

Structural analysis involves assessing the internal stresses in components of a structure when a load is transferred from the top of the structure to the ground. This allows engineers to determine the suitable size of structural components during the design process. There are four basic types of structures: trusses which use slender triangular members, cables and arches which span long distances, frames made of beams and columns, and surface structures like membranes that are thin and subjected only to tension and compression. Properly classifying structures and their elements is important for engineers during analysis and design.

Uploaded by

Shah Jahan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS BASICS

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING INTRODUCTION

• Construction is the major activity of civil engineering which is continuously


improving. As land cost is going up there is demand for tall structures in urban
areas while in rural areas need is for low constructions. One has to develop
technology using locally available materials.
• Load acting on a structure is ultimately transferred to ground. In doing so,
various components of the structure are subjected to internal stresses. For
example, in a building, load acting on a slab is transferred by slab to ground
through beams, columns and footings. Assessing the internal stresses in the
components of a structure is known as structural analysis and finding the
suitable size of the structural components is known as design of structure.
• The structure to be analysed and designed may be of masonry, R.C or steel as
shown in figure (1).
CLASSIFICATIONS OF STRUCTURES
• As an engineer, you must be able to classify structures according to their form and
function and you must also be able to recognize various types of elements composing a
structure.
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM:
• Composed of structural members joined together by structural connections. Each
structural system may be composed of one or more of the four basic types of structures.
• The four basic types of structures are:-
• 1- Trusses
• 2- Cables and Arches
• 3- Frames
• 4- Surface structures
1)Trusses
Trusses consists of slender members,
arranged in a triangular pattern as shown
in figure.

2)Cables and Arches


Cables and arch are structures used to
span long distances as shown in figure.
3)Frames
Frames are commonly used in building
structures. Frames are composed of
beams and columns that are connected
together as shown in figure.

4)Surface structure
Membrane, plate, or shell type with much
less thickness as compared to its other
dimensions. It is subjected to tension and
compression only as shown in figure.

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