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Crystal Defect

The document discusses interstices and crystal defects. It defines interstices as large holes in a crystal structure that can occur in body centered cubic (BCC), face centered cubic (FCC), and hexagonal close packed (HCP) structures. It also describes various types of crystal defects including point defects like vacancies, interstitials, and Frenkel and Schottky defects. Line defects are defined as dislocations including edge and screw dislocations. Surface defects include grain boundaries and twinning planes, while volume defects are three-dimensional imperfections like cracks and voids.

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Sukhwinder Singh Gill
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590 views28 pages

Crystal Defect

The document discusses interstices and crystal defects. It defines interstices as large holes in a crystal structure that can occur in body centered cubic (BCC), face centered cubic (FCC), and hexagonal close packed (HCP) structures. It also describes various types of crystal defects including point defects like vacancies, interstitials, and Frenkel and Schottky defects. Line defects are defined as dislocations including edge and screw dislocations. Surface defects include grain boundaries and twinning planes, while volume defects are three-dimensional imperfections like cracks and voids.

Uploaded by

Sukhwinder Singh Gill
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTERSTICES AND

CRYSTAL DEFECTS
INTERSTICES AND
CRYSTAL DEFECTS

• INTERSTITIAL
CRYSTALS
POSITIONS IN

• CRYSTAL DEFECTS
INTERSTICES
• The presence of large holes in crystal
structure is called interstices.

• Interstices in BCC

• Interstices in FCC

• Interstices in HCP

• Comparison of interstices
INTERSTICES
Octahedral Tetrahedral

a) Octahedral site b) Tetrahedral site

Interstices in BCC structure


NEXT
INTERSTICES
Octahedral
Tetrahedral

a) Octahedral site b) Tetrahedral site

Interstices in FCC structure


NEXT
INTERSTICES
Octahedral Tetrahedral

a) Octahedral site b) Tetrahedral site

Interstices in HCP structure


NEXT
INTERSTICES
Crystal Size of Size of No. of No. of
Structure Tetrahed Octahedr Tetrahed Octahedr
ral sites al sites ral sites al sites
(radius of
(radius of void per unit per unit
void / radius
/ radius of of host atom)
cell cell
host atom)

BCC 0.291 0.155 12 6

FCC 0.225 0.414 8 4

HCP 0.225 0.414 12 6


(big cell)
NEXT
CRYSTAL DEFECTS

• POINT DEFECT

• LINE DEFECT

• SURFACE DEFECT

• VOLUME DEFECT
POINT DEFECTS

• An defect that involves a few atoms


at most at any point in a crystal.

• They are also called zero


dimensional defects.
POINT DEFECTS
TYPES OF POINT DEFECTS

• Vacancy (missing of atoms in its


site)

• Substitutional (a foreign atom


substitutes a parent atom)

• Interstitial ( small sized atom


occupying the void space)
POINT DEFECTS

• Frenkel defect (an ion displaced form a


regular site to an interstitial site in a ionic
crystal without changing charge neutrality
of the crystal)

• Schottky defect ( a pair of one cation and


one anion with same valency is missing
without changing charge neutrality of the
crystal)
POINT DEFECTS

Vacancy

Vacancy
NEXT
POINT DEFECTS

Foreign atom

Substitutional defect NEXT


POINT DEFECTS

Foreign atom

Interstitial defect NEXT


POINT DEFECTS

Frenkel defect NEXT


POINT DEFECTS

Schottky defect
NEXT
LINE DEFECTS

• Line imperfections in a crystal are


called dislocation.

• They are one dimensional defects.


LINE DEFECTS

TYPES OF LINE DEFECTS

• Edge dislocation

• Screw dislocation
EDGE DISLOCATION

Edge Dislocation
EDGE DISLOCATION

• The dislocation where Burger vector ( b )


is perpendicular to direction of dislocation
line (t ) is called edge dislocation.

{ If we follow a crystallographic plane one


revolution around the dislocation axis, the
vector required to complete the loop and
return us to our starting point is the
burger vector ( b ). }

NEXT
EDGE DISLOCATION

a) Defect free crystal b) Crystal with line defect

Burger vector in edge dislocation


NEXT
SCREW DISLOCATION

Screw Dislocation
SCREW DISLOCATION

Screw Dislocation
SCREW DISLOCATION

• If the burger vector ( b ) and the


dislocation line ( t ) are parallel then
it is called screw dislocation.

NEXT
SURFACE DEFECTS

• Two dimensional imperfections are


called Surface defects.

• Example: External surface of any


material ( due to breakage of bonds) ,
Grain boundaries and twinning.
SURFACE DEFECTS

Grain

Grain boundary

Grain Boundaries NEXT


VOLUME DEFECTS

• Three dimensional imperfections are


called Surface defects.

• Example: Cracks , air bubbles, voids


etc.
CRYSTAL DEFECTS

Dislocation Glide

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