EEE 400 PROGRESS REPORT PRESENTATION (1ST TERM)

NON INVASIVE BLOOD GLUCOSE

QUANTIFICATION USING MICROWAVE SENSOR

ZIAN TASNIM PROMY

TASLINA AKTER MIMI
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH
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 Outline
 Background, Motivation and Objectives
 Existing systems and related works (literature review)
 Problems and challenges in the existing systems
 Possible solutions and proposed system
 Research Methodology & Proposed System
 Work Plan
 Expected outcome of the project
 Impact of project on the
 societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues
 environment and sustainability
 Proposed budget for implementing the project
 Summary
 References
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 Background and Motivation (contd..)
Non Invasive Glucose
Measurement Technique

Based on Based on
Intrinsic Properties of
Properties of tissue/Blood
Glucose
Occlusion/Scattering
NIR/MIR Absorption Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy
Optical Coherence
Optical Polarimetry Tomography

Bioimpedence Spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy Milllimeter

Wave/Microwave/Ultra
High Frequency Wave
Sensing

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 Uses of Microwave
Techniques

A Broadband Coplaner
Waveguide Sensor with
the Combination of
Microfluiding System

Open Ended Spiral

Shaped MS
Transmission Line
Sensor

MS Patch/Slot
Antenna Based
Sensor

Millimeter-Waveguide
Transmission
Measurement System
 Objectives

•To keep people safe from dying worldwide at a very little age because of
diabetes.
• To keep peoples’ expenditures safe from buying those hazardous machines.
• Wanting people to live long.
• Wanting to reduce our country’s as well as the world’s mortality rate.
• Not being environment polluting and painful.
•For being the technique safe,precise and fast it can be spread the worldwide
and make people use without any hazard.
•For being a small device it can be also portable to anywhere if we want.[3]

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 Research Methodology
Reasons for choosing microwave sensing:
•EM wave
•Penetrating Homogeneous tissue
•Usually low cost and easy fabrication [1]

How the sensing is expressed:

The Cole–Cole equation:

[4]
•Xiao & Li’s Proposal
•Saha and co workers’ Proposal
•Choi et al.’s Proposal [6]

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Narrowband Antenna
 Proposed System

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 Work Plan
Period Research Work Comments
designing a triangular
!st Semester(1 2st shaped antenna with a v
Designing Narrowband MS Patch Antenna
months) shaped cut in the middle
point
generating2.4GHz resonant
1st Semester (last 2
Simulating the Antenna in CST Microwave Studio Suite frequency(Single Band) and
months) find S parameters.
2nd Semester(1st two Rectangular shaped with
Designing Wideband MS Patch Antenna
Months) double L cut
generating 2.4 and 5.8 GHz
2nd Semester(last 2
Simulating the Antenna in CST Microwave Studio Suite both resonant frequency
months) and S parameters.
Designing the proposed sensor using Arduino (Proteus)or PSIM and  designing schematic
3rd Semester(1st two
making the hardware prototype of both the antenna as well as the whole diagram with V,I and P
months) source
sensor
3rd Semester(last Low tangent power loss and
Keeping it in the laboratory for research
two months) high directivity

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 Expected outcome of the project
From a statistical and clinical point of view
•Indicators
•Evaluting Deviation
•The LOD
[5]
•J.M. bland and D.G. Altman’s Claim
•W.L. Clarke’s Proposal
[7]

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 Expected outcome of the project

Measurements on a glucose simulating sugar water-

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 Expected outcome of the project

Figure 3 [2] Figure 4

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 Expected outcome of the project

Figure 5 Figure:Dielectric constant measurement with sand and

water

[2] [7]

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 Expected outcome of the project
Homogeneous Mixing:
Equation-

[7]

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 Impact of project on environment & sustainability
In this project we used three material as the material for feedline ,patch and slot; because of eco-
friendliness.
This material has lower
For being recyclable & durable it losses. Its is especially used for
can be removed by using higher frequency applications. It is
Chemical Etching, Milling or Laser ceramic filled
Ablation. When copper is used as PTFE composites/laminates which
a dielectric, it can’t store energy gives it excellent stability . Its water
because copper offers zero absorption is less than 0.1%. Its
resistance to electric current.Its dissipation factor is low(.000528 at
loss tangent value is 0.01. 2.4 GHz and .0013 at 5.8 GHz).

Copper Annelead RO 3010

[8]

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It is a hard silver white metal ,which forms cubic crystals.It is malleable,ductile and has
superior strength and corrosion ressistance.It is a fair conductor of heat and electricity
and exhibits magnetic properties below 345°C.It has low dielectric loss tangent(0.0006)

Nickel

[8]
 Impact of project on societal, health & legal issues
Positive Impact on Societal and Health Issues:
Microwave frequencies:
• Improving cognitive functions, attention and short-term memory capacity .
• Shortening reaction times.
• Being very sensitive and hence slightest movements are also being detected by them
• benefits of high interference immunity, high precision and high reliability.
• easily can be coped with danger.
• radiating more energy compare to PIR sensors.

[14]

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 Impact of project on societal, health & legal issues

Negative Impact(Larger Exposure):

• heats up the body tissue and causes burn
• causes cancer
•causes chronic fatigue, somnolence, trouble with concentration and memory,
frequent headaches
• causes dysregulation of the hormonal and nervous system resulting in emotional
instability and fertility problems.
• decreases immunity strength and causes infections
•Changes DNA structure and activates VGCC(Voltage Gated Calcium Channels) and
causes various neuropsychriatic diseases including depression

[12]

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 Impact of project on societal, health & legal issues
Legal Issues:
Positive Impact:
• data plan is private.
• being patch antenna as well as device’s frequency ranges a in free spectrum according
to BTRC ACT 2001
• not meeting plagiarism as well as copyright violation.
• fulfils ITU recommendations
•being the sensor of high speed digital.
•Having the power consumtions less than 1 Watt according to BTRC.
•not creating interference with other licensed user and being used for terrestrial
purpose.
• operating at non protection basis from other authorized services in same or adjacent
bands. [11]

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 Impact of project on societal, health & legal issues
Impact on Safety Issue:
• using as a strain sensor regarding SHM(Structural Health Monitoring Technique)
• not crossing 1 watt power and not creating excessive radiation
•recycling of antenna’s material for various purpose like creating other materials or
components.
•no more bursting out
•As no pricking of body tissues is needed it is not necessary to clean the sensor as well
as device all the time.

[13]

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 Proposed Budget
Qu
an Unit Price
Sl Item Justification Price
tit (BDT) (BDT)
y
 Staffing-Copper Mountain Technology
Weight-110grams,measurementparameters-
1.  Pocket VNA(2 port) S11,S21,S12,S22 at the same time,broadband-500KHz 1  3500  3500 
to 4 GHz,High Performance-upto 40dB in GHz
range,can be used as a signal generator
Staffing-Mouser Electronics,Model-JML cable-
2.  RF&DC Cables 18003,frequency range-DC to 18 GHz,voltage rating-  1 340  340 
355 to 500 VRMS,length-20 cm,cable type-0.141 inch
Model-Dell Inspiron 14-3473 N4000, Processor:
Intel® Celeron® N4000-2.6 GHz, RAM: 4GB DDR4
3 Laptop 2400MHz, Storage: 500GB HDD, Display: 14.0'' HD 1 24000 24000
Led ,Staffing-Mouser Electronics

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 Proposed Budget
Qu
an Unit Price
Sl Item Justification Price
tit (BDT) (BDT)
y
 Staffing-Copper Mountain Technology
Model-CR 215,A/D converter-12 bit,battery voltage
4.  Data logger range-7 to 16 volt vdc,communications-RS 232 1  530 530 

 Staffing-Copper Mountain Technology

MS Patch Model:RCWL 0516,operating level-2.4GHz with
5. Antenna/Microwave wide beam(narrowband antenna) and 2.4 GHz and 5.8
 2  200 400 
Sensor GHz both (wideband)
Total (BDT) 2,87,70 /=  
In words: Two Thousand Eighty Seven Hundred and Seventy Taka

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 Summary

Our patch antenna as well as microwave sensor will be a necessary tool in the
modern socialization as it is an easy and portable device.We can take it to
anywhere we want if we have laptop/pc in our home or workplace.
It saves money as well as valuable time of both children and adults.It can be useful
for children who fears of pricking body tissue.It can also be helpful for an old
person who cannot walk to the clinic or hospitals to check up for diabetes.It can
also be helpful for them who doesn’t know how to use the present diabetes
machines.It will not be hazardous for brain and mental issues as no more excessive
radiation will create if one uses it slightly.Over all,it will create a great impact to
environment,health,culture and society to create better sustainability.

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 Selected References

[1] International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 7 ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation,
2015. [2] K. Grenier, et al., “Integrated broadband microwave and microfluidic sen-sor dedicated to bioengineering,”
IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 3246-3253, Dec. 2009. [3] B. R. Jean, E. C. Green, and M. J.
McClung, “A microwave frequency sensor for non-invasive blood-glucose measurement,” in IEEE Sensors
Applications Symp. 2008, Atlanta, GA, 2008, pp. 4-7. [4] M. Hofmann, G. Fischer, R. Weigel, and D. Kissinger,
“Microwave-based noninvasive concentration measurements for biomedical applications,” IEEE Trans. Microw.
Theory Techn., vol. 61, pp. 2195-2204, May 2013. [5] T. Yilmaz, R. Foster, and Y. Hao, “Broadband tissue mimicking
phan-toms and a patch resonator for evaluating noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose levels,” IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 3064-3075, Jun. 2014. [6] P. H. Siegel, Y. Lee, and V. Pikov, “Millimeter-wave
non-invasive mon-itoring of glucose in anesthetized rats,” in 39th Int. Conf. Infrared, Milli-meter, and Terahertz
waves (IRMMW-THz), Tucson, AZ, Sept. 14-19, 2014, pp. 1-2. [7] A. Caduff, E. Hirt, Y. Feldman, Z. Ali, and L.
Heinemann, “First human experiments with a novel non-invasive, non-optical continuous glucose monitoring
system,” Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 209-217, Nov. 2003. [8] Internal T.R.’s 1430, 2224, 2854.
Tests at 23°C unless otherwise noted. Typical values are a representation of an average value for the population of
the property. For specifi cation values contact Rogers Corporation.

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 Selected References

[9]Neurobehavioral effects among inhabitants around mobile phone stations

Neurotoxicology, 28 (2007), pp. 434-440
[10] Biological effects of electromagnetic fields
J. Cell. Biochem., 51 (1993), pp. 410-416
[11] Association of mobile phone radiation with fatigue, headache, dizziness, tension and sleep disturbance in Saudi
population
Saudi Med. J., 25 (2004), pp. 732-736
[12] Ten Years Experience with Epidemiological Research in the Vicinity of the Short-Wave Broadcasting Area
Schwarzenburg: What does the Story Tell Us?
(2000)
[13] Effect of a chronic GSM 900 MHz exposure on glia in the rat brain
Biomed. Pharmacother., 62 (2008), pp. 273-281
[14] Exposure to GSM 900 MHz electromagnetic fields affects cerebral cytochrome c oxidase activity
Toxicology, 250 (2008), pp. 70-74

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 Any questions, comments or suggestions?

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