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    Unit I-Power Generation and Transmission

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    NANDHAKUMAR A
    The document discusses the operation of a hydro power plant. It describes the main parts which include a dam, reservoir, penstock, turbines, generators, and switchgear. Water is stored in the reservoir using a dam and then sent through penstocks under high pressure to drive turbines coupled to generators, producing electricity. Hydro power has advantages like low operating costs, no fuel needed, and no pollution, but high initial capital costs and variability in generation depending on water availability.

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    Unit I-Power Generation and Transmission

    Uploaded by

    NANDHAKUMAR A
    46 views24 pages
    The document discusses the operation of a hydro power plant. It describes the main parts which include a dam, reservoir, penstock, turbines, generators, and switchgear. Water is stored in the reservoir using a dam and then sent through penstocks under high pressure to drive turbines coupled to generators, producing electricity. Hydro power has advantages like low operating costs, no fuel needed, and no pollution, but high initial capital costs and variability in generation depending on water availability.

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    Hydro power plant

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    The document discusses the operation of a hydro power plant. It describes the main parts which include a dam, reservoir, penstock, turbines, generators, and switchgear. Water is stored in the reservoir using a dam and then sent through penstocks under high pressure to drive turbines coupled to generators, producing electricity. Hydro power has advantages like low operating costs, no fuel needed, and no pollution, but high initial capital costs and variability in generation depending on water availability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    46 views24 pages

    Unit I-Power Generation and Transmission

    Uploaded by

    NANDHAKUMAR A
    The document discusses the operation of a hydro power plant. It describes the main parts which include a dam, reservoir, penstock, turbines, generators, and switchgear. Water is stored in the reservoir using a dam and then sent through penstocks under high pressure to drive turbines coupled to generators, producing electricity. Hydro power has advantages like low operating costs, no fuel needed, and no pollution, but high initial capital costs and variability in generation depending on water availability.

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    Unit I- POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION

    1
    Hydro power station

    2
    General Objectives
    To understand the main parts and working of a Hydro Power
    Station

    Specific Objectives

    1. Recall the location of Hydro power station with its capacity


    in Tamilnadu and India.(E)
    2. Exemplify the operation of Hydro Power Station. (E, T)
    3. Identify the pros and cons of Hydro Power Station.(E)

    3
    SO1: Recall the location of Hydro power station in Tamilnadu
    and India.(E)

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydroelectric_power_stations_in_Tamil_Nadu

    https://www.tangedco.gov.in/generation.html

    4
    Hydro power station in Tamilnadu with its capacity

    5
    SO2: Exemplify the operation of Hydro Power Station. (E, T)

    6
    Construction and Working of Hydro power
    plant

    • Power system mainly contains three parts


    namely generation, transmission and
    distribution.
    • Generation means how to generate electricity
    from the available source and there are various
    methods to generate electricity but here we
    only focused on generation of electricity by
    the means of hydro or water (hydro power
    plant).
    Parts of Hydro Power Plant

    a) Area b) Dam c) Reservoir d) Penstock e) Storage tank f) Turbines and


    generators g) Switchgear and protection
    Layout of Hydro Power Plant

    9
    Area and Dam
    • For construction of hydro power plant first we
    choose the area where the water is sufficient to
    reserve and no any crisis of water and suitable to
    build a dam, then we construct the dam.
    • The main function of dam is to stop the flow of water
    and reserve the water in reservoir.
    • Mainly dam is situated at a good height to increase
    the force of water.
    Reservoir and Penstock
    • Reservoir stocks up lots of water which is employed
    to generate power by means of turbines.
    • After that Penstock, the pipe which is connected
    between dam and turbine blades and most important
    purpose of the penstock is to enlarge the kinetic
    energy of water, hence this pipe is made up of
    extremely well-built material which carry on the
    pressure of water.
    Storage Tank

    • To control the pressure of water means increase or


    decrease water pressure whenever required, we use a
    control valve.
    • Storage tank comes in picture when the pressure of
    water in reservoir is decreases then the storage tank
    is directly connected to penstock and it is used only in
    emergency condition.
    • Employ turbine and generator.
    Turbine and Generator
    • Turbine is the main stuff, when water comes through
    the penstock with high kinetic energy and falls on
    turbine blades, turbine rotates at high speed.
    • As we know that the turbine is an engine that
    transfers energy of fluid into mechanical energy
    which is coupled with generator and generator
    converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
    which we utilize at the end.

    Water Turbines
    1.Impulse turbines – Pelton wheel and cross flow turbine
    2.Reaction turbines - Kaplan Turbine, Francis Turbine , Kinetic Turbine
    Water Turbines
    1.Impulse turbines – Pelton wheel and cross flow turbine
    2.Reaction turbines - Kaplan Turbine, Francis Turbine , Kinetic Turbine

    14
    Water Turbines
    1.Impulse turbines – Pelton wheel and cross flow turbine
    2.Reaction turbines - Kaplan Turbine, Francis Turbine

    Impulse turbines – pelton wheel Impulse turbines – cross flow turbine

    16
    Kaplan Turbine, Francis Turbine

    17
    Switchgear and protection
    • In hydro power plant we also add switchgears and
    protections which control and protect the whole
    process inside the plant.
    • The control equipments consists control circuits,
    control devices, warning, instrumentation etc. and
    connect to main control board.
    • After generating electricity at low voltage, we use
    step up transformer to enlarge the level of voltage
    (generally 132KV, 220KV, 400KV and above) as
    per our requirement.
    Switchgear and protection

    • After that we transmit the electric power to the


    load center, and then we step down the voltage
    for industrial and large consumer and then
    again we step down the voltage to distribute
    electricity at domestic level which we used at
    home.
    SO3: Identify the pros and cons of Hydro Power Station.(E)

    20
    Advantages
    • The useful life of a hydro electric plant is around 50
    years as compared to around 25-30 years for a steam
    station.
    • The hydro plants do not require any fuel. Their
    operating costs are, therefore, low. Since no fuel is
    required, there are no charges and problems of
    handling and storage of fuel and disposal ash.
    • There are no standby losses in hydro plants. They can
    be run up and synchronized in a few minutes. The
    load can be adjusted rapidly.
    • Hydro plants are more robust as compared to steam
    plants.
    Advantages
    • The maintenance cost of hydro plants is very low as
    compared to steam plants.
    • Efficiency of hydro plants does not reduce with age.
    On the other hand efficiency of steam plants decrease
    with age.
    • Generation of electric energy through hydro plants
    leads to conservation of coal and other fuels.
    • The operation of thermal plants is totally dependent
    on efficient and quick transport of coal. Transport
    bottle-necks are likely to render thermal plants idle
    for long periods. Hydro plants are free from such
    bottle-necks.
    Advantages
    • The operating personnel required for hydro plants
    are smaller in number as compared to those
    required for other plants.
    • Hydro projects are generally multipurpose
    projects. In addition to electric power generation,
    they are also useful for irrigation, flood control,
    navigation etc.
    • Hydro plants are free from air pollution due to
    absence of smoke and exhaust gases.
    • Hydro plants are located in remote areas where
    land costs are low.
    Disadvantages

    • Due to high cost of civil engineering works, the


    capital cost per kW of hydro plants is considerably
    higher than that of steam plants.
    • Hydro power generation is dependent on availability
    of water. In dry year, the power generation is very
    less.

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