Disaste R Managemen T: Submitted by

DISASTE
MANAGEMEN
R
T SUBMITTED BY
RASHI AGRAWAL
3RD. YR.
RECOVERY
Shelter and relief
Due to flash floods, several houses were destroyed. The families were
transferred to tents provided by the Indian Army and government and non-
government agencies. The need for permanent shelter for these people
emerged as a major task
Supply of essential items
The Army maintains an inventory of essential medicines and supplies in
readiness as a part of routing emergency preparedness. The essential non-
food items were airlifted to the affected areas. These included blankets,
tents, gum boots, and clothes.
Food and nutrition
There was an impending high risk of food shortage and crisis of hunger
and malnutrition. The majority of food supply came from the plains and
low-lying areas in North India through the major transport routes Leh–
Srinagar and Leh–Manali national highways.
RESPONSE
 The initial response was carried out immediately by the Government of
India. The rescue and relief work was led by the Indian Army, along with
the State Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Central Reserve Police Force
(CRPF), and Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP). The Indian Army activated
the disaster management system immediately, which is always kept in full
preparedness as per the standard army protocols and procedures.
 During the flash floods, the government civil hospital was flooded and
rendered dysfunctional. Although the National Disaster Management
Act was in place, with the government civil hospital being under strain,
the applicability of the act was hampered. The Army Hospital quickly
responded through rescue and relief operations and mass casualty
management.
•
The runway of Leh airport was cleared up within a few hours after the
disaster so that speedy inflow of supplies could be carried out along
with the evacuation of the casualties requiring tertiary level
healthcare to the Army Command Hospital in Chandigarh.
PREPAREDNESS
 Post 2010 ladakh floods and 2014 Kashmir floods, the IMD had planned
for ladakh – among other systems – nine advanced weather stations
(AWS) apart from existing two; three advanced rain gauges (ARG); six
advanced snow gauges (ASG) and one doppler weather radar.
 Among other things, the Parliamentary Committee had

recommended for ladakh that three stations under National Air
Quality Monitoring Programme (NAPM) at leh, Nubraand Zanskar
should be made operational at the earliest. This was important in
view of the increasing number of tourist vehicles plying across
ladakh’s hill roads
 Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may

have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car.
MITIGATION
1. A flood spillway should be taken up urgently. Mathematical and physical
modeling needs to be carried out to understand the feasibility of the bypass
channel. Hydraulic infrastructure needs to be installed at Sangam in case of
flood channel.
2. Encroachments along the watercourses, lakes and wetlands need to be
stopped forthwith and dealt accordingly to the rule of the land.
3. Need for restoration of the Wular Lake and all other Lakes of the Valley
through an integrated scientific plan.
4. The existing inland waterways that pass through the Srinagar city needs to
be strengthened by raising and strengthening embankments
5. Resurrecting and dredging are two important recommendations so as to
increase the discharge carrying capacity of river Jehlum and its respective
tributaries.
6. To construct engineering structures such as Piano Key Weirs reducing the
velocity of the water at the outlet of the watershed.
7. A forestation process significantly controls flood. Afforestation will not only

help in flood control, but will also address soil erosion.
DEFINITIONS OF DISASTER
 “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and
health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
response from outside the affected community or area”.
TYPES OF DISASTER
Natural Man-made
Disasters Disasters
1.Earthquakes 1.Nuclear Disaster

2.Chemical Disaster
2.Cyclones 3.Terrorism
4.Radiological Emergencies
3.Floods 5.Bridge Collapse
6.Bomb Blasts
4.Landslides
5.Drought
6.Tsunami
FLASH FLOOD
A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low –lying areas:
washes, rivers, dry lakes and basins. It may be
caused by heavy rain associated with a severe
thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm or
meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets
or snowfields.
It is an event that occurs WITHIN 6 hour.
CASE STUDY OF FLASH FLOOD IN

LEH LADAKH
Key facts about Disaster:
• Duration: 6 August 2010
• Fatalities: at least 255 killed, 29 missing
• Damages: Rs 133 cr.
• Areas Affected: Leh, and numerous other
villages in Ladakh range.
• The 2010 Ladakh floods occurred on 6 August 2010 across a large part of
Ladakh, a region of the northern most Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
• The flash floods happened after a night of heavy downpour. The cloudburst
itself occurred between 00:00–00:30 hours IST on 6 August 2010, leading to
flash flooding, debris flows, and mudslides over the region.
• The most intense part of the storm was focused in a 6 km wide band
parallel to, and a few kilometers from, the river Indus.
• Some estimates of the maximum total rainfall in some places were as high
as 250 mm, and at least 150 mm/h over Leh during the most intense part of
the storm.
Aftermath of the Disaster
In Leh, many buildings were destroyed including hospitals, the bus terminal,
radio station transmitter, telephone exchange and mobile-phone towers.
• 71 towns and villages were damaged, including the main town in the area,
Leh.
• Overall, 9000 people were directly affected by the event.
• At least 255 people are reported to have died, six of whom were foreign
tourists.
• 200 people were reported missing in the initial aftermath of the storm, and
thousands more were rendered homeless after the flooding caused extensive
damage to property and infrastructure.
• The local bus station was severely damaged and some of the buses were
carried more than a mile by the mud.
• In total, almost 1500 homes in 71 settlements across the area were reported
to have been damaged.
Relief/Rescue Efforts
• Four hundred critically wounded people were evacuated and some were
admitted to the army hospital in Leh.
• Home minister P.Chidambaram said that over 6000 security personnel
were deployed in Leh for rescue operations.
• Prime minister Manmohan Singh expressed grief and announced
compensation of Rs. 1 lakh to the kin of deceased and Rs. 50,000 for those
injured.
Ways To Prevent and Control Flash Flood

Flood-control dams are constructed throughout across rivers.
• Dikes and levees are built alongside rivers to keep them from overflowing during
periods of high water.
• Canals are also used to help drain off extra water. Streams and rivers can be
diverted to avoid highly populated areas.
• Plant lots of trees, treat slopes and grads, and create reservoirs to catch
sediment and debris.
Flood Safety
• Stay out of areas subject to flooding. Dips, low spots, canyons, washes,
etc., can become filled with water.
• If outdoors, climb to high ground and stay there. Move away from
dangerous flood waters.
• If you come upon a flowing stream where water is above your ankles,
stop, turn around, and go another way.
• Never try to walk, swim, or drive through such swift water.

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DISASTE

 Among other things, the Parliamentary Committee had

 Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may

7. A forestation process significantly controls flood. Afforestation will not only

1.Earthquakes 1.Nuclear Disaster

CASE STUDY OF FLASH FLOOD IN

Ways To Prevent and Control Flash Flood

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