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Problems 2

1. The thermodynamic cycle problem involves calculating missing values like internal energy changes and heat/work values at each step of a 4-step cycle using given data. 2. It would take 3,344 seconds for the water to heat from 20°C to 30°C with 0.25 kW of work being delivered by the stirrer, as calculated using the formula for internal energy change and given values. 3. For a closed system where 7.5 kJ of heat is added but internal energy decreases by 12 kJ, 19.5 kJ of work is transferred out and 12 kJ of heat would be transferred for the same process if work was zero.

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262 views4 pages

Problems 2

1. The thermodynamic cycle problem involves calculating missing values like internal energy changes and heat/work values at each step of a 4-step cycle using given data. 2. It would take 3,344 seconds for the water to heat from 20°C to 30°C with 0.25 kW of work being delivered by the stirrer, as calculated using the formula for internal energy change and given values. 3. For a closed system where 7.5 kJ of heat is added but internal energy decreases by 12 kJ, 19.5 kJ of work is transferred out and 12 kJ of heat would be transferred for the same process if work was zero.

Uploaded by

Shane Patulot
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HOMEWORK

Problems 2.6, 2.8, and 2.9


2.6 One mole of gas in a closed system undergoes a four-step thermodynamic cycle. Use the data given in the
following table to determine numerical values for the missing quantities indicated by question marks.
IN STEP 1  2 IN STEP 2  3
ΔU12 = Q12 + W12 ΔU23 = Q23 + W23
-200 = Q12 – 6000 -4000 = -3800 + W23
Q12 = 5800J W23 = -200J

IN STEP 3  4 WTOTAL = W12 + W23 + W34 + W41


ΔU34 = Q34 + W34 -1400 = -6000 + (-200) + 300 + W41
ΔU34 = -800 + 300 W41 = 4500 J
• FOR A CYCLIC PROCESS: the sum of the change ΔU34 = -500 J
in internal energy (ΔUTOTAL) is zero
IN STEP 4  1
• The point of a cyclic process in thermodynamics is
for a system to undergo a series of steps and return it ΔUTOTAL = 0 ΔU41 = Q41 + W41
to its original state. ΔU12 + ΔU23 + ΔU34 + ΔU41 = 0 4700 = Q41 + 4500
-200 + ΔU23 + (-500) + 4700 = 0 Q41 = 200J
• RECALL: Internal Energy is a state function, ΔU23 = -4000 J
that only depends on the initial and final state ΔUTOTAL = QTOTAL + WTOTAL
of the system. 0 = QTOTAL + (-1400)
Q = 1400 J
2.8 A tank containing 20 kg of water at 20°C is fitted with a stirrer that delivers
work to the water at the rate of 0.25 kW. How long does it take for the
temperature of the water to rise to 30°C if no heat is lost from the water? For
water, CP = 4.18 kJ/kg⋅°C.
System: water
 U + KE + PE = Q + W
Given: KE = 0, PE = 0, Q = 0, W= 0.25 kW
m = 20 kg Therefore: U = W
T1 = 20oC Since no heat is lost
T2 = 30oC  For liquid and solid: Cv = Cp from the water
W = 0.25 kW U = mCp(T)
= W/t = kJ/s U = (20 kg)(4.18 kJ/kg⋅oC)(30 oC-20 oC)
U = 836 kJ

Since U = W,
836 kJ = 0.25 kJ/s * t
3,344 s = t
Which means that, the water needs to be stirred for 3,344 s to heat the 20 kg of water
2.9 Heat in the amount of 7.5 kJ is added to a closed system while its internal
energy decreases by 12 kJ. How much energy is transferred as work? For a
process causing the same change of state but for which the work is zero, how
much heat is transferred? FIND:
Closed system 1. How much energy is transferred as work?
2. How much heat is transferred for a process
Q = 7.5 kJ ∆  𝑈 =−12 𝑘𝐽 causing the same change of state where W= 0?

∆ 𝑈 =𝑄 +𝑊
 
RECALL: General Balance Equation for a Closed System
 ∆ 𝑈 =𝑄 +𝑊  ∆ 𝑈 =𝑄 +𝑊
𝑁  𝑜𝑡𝑒 : 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐h𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒;𝑊=0
−1
  2=7.5+𝑊  −1 2=𝑄+0
𝑊=−19.5
  𝑘𝐽 𝑄=−
  12 𝑘𝐽
∴𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘, ∴𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠
   

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