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Week 05 Lectures

DATA COMMUNICATION & COMPUTER NETWORKING

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Hamzah Akhtar
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60 views24 pages

Week 05 Lectures

DATA COMMUNICATION & COMPUTER NETWORKING

Uploaded by

Hamzah Akhtar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

OSI MODEL

Why do we need the OSI Model?


To address the problem of networks increasing in size and in number, the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) researched many
network schemes and recognized that there was a need to create a network
model

This would help network builders implement networks that could


communicate and work together

 ISO therefore, released the OSI reference model in 1984.

2
Don’t Get Confused.

ISO - International Organization for Standardization

OSI - Open System Interconnection

IOS - Internetwork Operating System


To avoid confusion, some people say
―International Standard Organization.”

3
Layer 7 - The Application Layer
7 Application This layer deal with
6 Presentation networking applications.

5 Session Examples:
4 Transport Email
Web browsers
3 Network
2 Data Link PDU - User Data
1 Physical

Each of the layers have Protocol Data Unit (PDU)


4
OSI Model Analogy
Application Layer - Source
Host

After riding your new bicycle a few times in


Miami, you decide that you want to give it to a
friend who lives in Abassia Town RYK. 17
OSI Model Analogy 6
Presentation Layer - Source
Host

Make sure you have the proper directions to


disassemble and reassemble the bicycle.
OSI Model Analogy 7
Session Layer - Source Host

Call your friend and make sure you have his correct
address.
OSI Model Analogy Transport
Layer - Source Host

Disassemble the bicycle and put different pieces in


different boxes. The boxes are labeled
“1 of 3”, “2 of 3”, and “3 of 3”. 20
OSI Model Analogy
Network Layer - Source Host

Put your friend's complete mailing address (and


yours) on each box.Since the packages are too big
for your mailbox (and since you don’t have
enough stamps) you determine that you need to
go to the post office. 21
OSI Model Analogy 10
Data Link Layer – Source Host

Miami post office takes possession of the boxes.


OSI Model Analogy Physical 11
Layer - Media

The boxes are flown from Miami to RYK.


OSI Model Analogy Data Link
Layer - Destination 12

RYK post office receives your boxes.


OSI Model Analogy Network
Layer - Destination

Upon examining the destination address,


District post office determines that your
boxes should be delivered to your written
home address. 25
OSI Model Analogy Transport
Layer - Destination

Your friend calls you and tells you he got all 3 boxes
and he is having another friend named BOB
reassemble the bicycle. 26
OSI Model Analogy
Session Layer -
Destination

Your friend hangs up because he is done talking to


you.
27
OSI Model Analogy Presentation
Layer - Destination

BOB is finished and “presents” the bicycle to your


friend. Another way to say it is that your friend is
finally getting him “present”. 28
OSI Model Analogy
Application Layer - Destination

Your friend enjoys riding his new bicycle in Shahi


road.
29
Data Flow Through a Network

30
Type of Transmission 19

 Unicast
 Multicast
 Broadcast
Type of Transmission 20
Broadcast Domain 21

 A group of devices receiving broadcast frames


initiating from any device within the group

 Routers do not forward broadcast frames,


broadcast domains are not forwarded from one
broadcast to another.
Collision 22

 The effect of two nodes sending transmissions


simultaneously in Ethernet. When they meet on the
physical media, the frames from each node collide and
are damaged.
Collision Domain 23

 The network area in Ethernet over which frames


that have collided will be detected.
 Collisions are propagated by hubs and repeaters
 Collisions are Not propagated by
switches, routers, or bridges
Hubs & Collision Domains 24

• More end stations means


more collisions.
• CSMA/CD is used.

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