A teacher who is handling mathematics

subjects evaluated the readiness of 15

students in the subject. He gave the
diagnostic test containing 100 items
and recorded the scores as follows:

45, 55, 55, 55, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65,
65, 75, 75, 75, 85
 A teacher who is handling mathematics subjects evaluated the
readiness of 15 students in the subject. He gave the diagnostic test
containing 100 items and recorded the scores as follows:
45, 55, 55, 55, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65,
75, 75, 75, 85
Scores of students Frequency
(x)
45 1
55 3
65 7
75 3
85 1
 A teacher who is handling mathematics subjects evaluated the
readiness of 15 students in the subject. He gave the diagnostic test
containing 100 items and recorded the scores as follows:

Scores of Frequency x
students (f)  
∑ 𝑓 ∙𝑥
(x) 𝑥=
´
45 1 45 𝑁
55 3 165
65 7 455
75 3 225
85 1 85
 A teacher who is handling mathematics subjects evaluated the
readiness of 15 students in the subject. He gave the diagnostic test
containing 100 items and recorded the scores as follows:

Scores of Frequency x
students (f)  
(x)
45 1 45 =
55 3 165
65 7 455
65
75 3 225
85 1 85
N= 15 =975

Mean=65 Median=65 Mode=65

Mean=Median=Mode
 A teacher who is handling mathematics subjects evaluated the
readiness of 15 students in the subject. He gave the diagnostic test
containing 100 items and recorded the scores as follows:

Scores of Frequency x
students (f)
(x)
45 1 45
55 3 165
65 7 455
75 3 225
85 1 85
Observe the
graphs
generated in a
few coin tossing
experiments.
 z

NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
Normal Curve is a bell-shaped curve. It
lies entirely above the horizontal axis. It
is symmetrical, unimodal and asymptotic
to the horizontal axis.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Data can be
distributed in
different ways
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Also known as Gaussian Distribution, has the
following formula.
 

where,
=2.71828…
=3.14159…
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
 Mean=median=mode
symmetry about the center
50% of values less than the mean 
and 50% greater than the mean
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
 Mean=median=mode
symmetry about the center
50% of values less than the mean 
and 50% greater than the mean
 Behavior of the Standard Deviation to the
Normal Curve
 Standard deviation is a measure of how spread
out numbers are.
Behavior of the Standard Deviation to the
Normal Curve
 Standard Normal Distribution

=0 and =1
 Behavior of the Standard Deviation to the
Normal Curve
 Observe the normal curve
 Behavior of the Standard Deviation to the
Normal Curve

Notice the mean changed from 55 to 39, the curve

moved to the left but its shape remains the same.
Behavior of the Standard Deviation to the
Normal Curve
Suppose the normal curves have the same
means but different standard deviationp
 Behavior of the Standard Deviation to the
Normal Curve
Suppose the normal curves have different means
and different standard deviation.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Data can be
distributed in
different ways
z

SKEWNESS
Skewness-the measure of symmetry of the probability
distribution of a random variable.
Normal Distribution

• Normal Distribution
has no skew.
• It is perfectly
symmetrical.
• The Mean is exactly at
the peak.
NEGATIVELY SKEWED

 The long "tail" is on the

negative side of the peak.
Sometimes it is called
“skewed to the left”.
POSITIVELY SKEWED

 The long "tail" is on the

POSITIVE side of the peak.
Sometimes it is called
“skewed to the right”.
Skewness-the measure of symmetry of the probability
distribution of a random variable.

When mean is less than the When mean is greater than the
median, the distribution is median, the distribution is
concentrated on the right side concentrated on the left side and
and the left tail is longer. This is the right tail is longer. This is a
a negatively skewed positively skewed
distribution. distribution.
Construct a
NORMAL
z

CURVE
Characteristics of Normal Curve
 Mean is always in the
center of a bell curve or
normal curve
 Contains only one mode or
peak
 Predictable standard
deviation follows 68, 95
and 99.7 rule
 It is symmetric
Illustrative Examples
1.Find the area between z=0 and z=2.54.
STEP 1
Sketch the normal curve
STEP 2
Locate the area under the Standard
Normal Curve table
STEP 3
Calculate the area if possible
Illustrative Examples
2.Find the area between z=2 and z=2.75.
STEP 1
Sketch the normal curve
STEP 2
Locate the area under the Standard
Normal Curve table
STEP 3
Calculate the area if possible
Illustrative Examples
3.Find the area right of z=-1.07
STEP 1
Sketch the normal curve
STEP 2
Locate the area under the Standard
Normal Curve table
STEP 3
Calculate the area if possible
Illustrative Examples
4.Find the area between z=0 and z=-1.65.
STEP 1
Sketch the normal curve
STEP 2
Locate the area under the Standard
Normal Curve table
STEP 3
Calculate the area if possible
z

Practice
Sketch the curve and locate the area of the
following cases. Show your solution if
possible.
1. Between z=-1.5 and z=-2.5
2. Between z=-1.35 and z=2.95
3. Left of z=2.32
4. Right of z=-1.8
5. Left of z=-1.52
z STANDARD
SCORES/
Z-Scores
 STANDARD SCORE/ Z-SCORE
Definition:
It measures how many standard
deviation a given value (x) is above or
below mean.
A positive z-score indicates that the score
or observed value is above the mean
A negative z-score indicates that the
score or observed value is below the mean
 STANDARD SCORE/ Z-SCORE
 
For Sample:

Where
z=standard score
x=raw score or observed value
=sample mean
s=sample standard deviation
 STANDARD SCORE/ Z-SCORE
 
For Population:

Where
z=standard score
x=raw score or observed value
=population mean
=population standard deviation
POPULATION MEAN AND SAMPLE MEAN
Population refers to the totality of
observations or elements from the set of
data.
Sample refers to one or more elements
taken from the population for a specific
purpose.
POPULATION MEAN AND SAMPLE MEAN
A sample mean is the mean of the statistical
samples while a population mean is the
mean of the total population.
Illustrative Examples
1. On a final examination in Statistics, the
mean was 75 and the standard deviation
was 12. Determine the standard score of
a student who received a score of 60
assuming that the scores are normally
distributed.
Illustrative Examples
2. On the first periodic exam in Statistics,
the population mean was 70 and the
population standard deviation was 9.
Determine the standard score of a
student who got a score of 88 assuming
that the scores are normally distributed.
Illustrative Examples
3. Grace scored 90 in English test and 70 in
Physics test. Scores in the English test have
a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 10.
Scores in Physics test have a mean of 60
and a standard deviation of 8. In which
subject was her standing better assuming
that the scores in English and Physics are
normally distribute.
 z

PERCENTILE
Illustrative Examples
1. In a Science test, the mean score is
42 and the standard deviation is 5.
Assuming the scores are normally
distributed, what percent of the score
is
a. Greater than 48
b. Less than 50
c. Between 30 and 48
z

GROUP
DISCUSSION
Give what is asked.
1.The mean height of grade nine students at a certain
high school is 164 centimeters and the standard
deviation is 10 centimeters. Assuming the heights are
normally distributed, what percent of the heights is
greater than 168 centimeters?
2. In a Statistics test, the mean score is 45 and the
standard deviation is 4. Assuming normality, what is the
probability that a score picked at random will lie
a. Above score 50?
b. Below score 38?
 z

PRACTICE
Give what is asked.
1. In a given normal distribution, the sample mean is
75 and the sample standard deviation is 4. Find the
corresponding standard score of the following
values:
a. 69 b. 85 c. 70 d. 65
2. In an English test, the mean is 60 and the standard
deviation is 6. Assuming the scores are normally
distributed, what percent of the scores is:
b. Greater than 65
c. Less than 70
d. Between 50 and 65
 FIRST HONOR
 TOP TEN IN A BOARD
EXAMINATION
 A RAW SCORE SCORE
PF 90 %
 LOCATING
PERCENTILE
z

UNDER NORMAL
CURVE
 PERCENTILE
Percentile is the value below
which a percentage of data falls.
In statistics, percentile is used to
indicate relative positions.
A percentile is a measure of
relative standing . It is a descriptive
measure of the relationship of a
measurement to the rest of the data.
 PERCENTILE
1.You are the fourth tallest person in a group
of 20. Find the percentage of people shorter
than you?

That means you are at the 80th percentile or 80%

are shorter than you.
1. Having obtained a score of 85 in a
recently concluded unit test in Statistics, Ian
wanted to know how he fared in comparison
with his classmates. His teacher told him
that he scored at the 90th percentile. Draw a
normal curve to show Ian’s relative standing.

This means that Ian’s score is equal or

higher than 90% of his classmate.
 STEPS TO LOCATE THE PERCENTILE
UNDER NORMAL CURVE
STEP 1 : Express the percentage as a
decimal value up to four decimal places and
its sum if possible.
STEP 2 : Find the area through z-table, if
not then find the area nearest to it.
STEP 3 : Sketch the curve.
1. Having obtained a score of 85 in a
recently concluded unit test in Statistics, Ian
wanted to know how he fared in comparison
with his classmates. His teacher told him
that he scored at the 90th percentile. Draw a
normal curve to show Ian’s relative standing.

This implies that z=1.28 represents the

90th percentile for the distribution of raw
scores.
2. A score is in the 95th percentile, where is
this score under the normal curve located?

STEP 1 : Express the percentage as a

decimal value up to four decimal places and
its sum if possible.
STEP 2 : Find the area through z-table, if
not then find the area nearest to it.
STEP 3 : Sketch the curve.
3. A score is in the 19th percentile, where is
this score under the normal curve located?

STEP 1 : Express the percentage as a

decimal value up to four decimal places and
its sum if possible.
STEP 2 : Find the area through z-table, if
not then find the area nearest to it.
STEP 3 : Sketch the curve.
4. A score is in the 40th percentile, where is
this score under the normal curve located?

STEP 1 : Express the percentage as a

decimal value up to four decimal places and
its sum if possible.
STEP 2 : Find the area through z-table, if
not then find the area nearest to it.
STEP 3 : Sketch the curve.
5. A score is in the 50th percentile, where is
this score under the normal curve located?

STEP 1 : Express the percentage as a

decimal value up to four decimal places and
its sum if possible.
STEP 2 : Find the area through z-table, if
not then find the area nearest to it.
STEP 3 : Sketch the curve.
 
PRACTICE
Locate the following percentiles and
construct its normal curve.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.