Chapter 3: Dynamic Routing: Instructor Materials

Chapter 3: Dynamic Routing
Instructor Materials
CCNA Routing and Switching

Routing and Switching Essentials v6.0
Planning Guide
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
CCNA Routing and Switching

Chapter 3 - Sections & Objectives
 3.1 Dynamic Routing Protocols
• Explain the function of dynamic routing protocols.
• Explain the purpose of dynamic routing protocols.
• Explain the use of dynamic routing and static routing.
 3.2 RIPv2
• Implement RIPv2.
• Configure the RIPv2 routing protocol.
• 3.3 The Routing Table

• Determine the route source, administrative distance, and metric for a given route.
• Explain the components of an IPv4 routing table entry for a given route.
• Explain the parent/child relationship in a dynamically built routing table.
• Determine which route will be used to forward a IPv4 packet.
• Determine which route will be used to forward a IPv6 packet.
3.1 Dynamic Routing
Protocols
Dynamic Routing Protocol Overview
 RIP protocol was updated to RIPv2 to accommodate growth in the network environment
• RIPv2 does not scale to current larger network implementations
 Routing Protocols developed to meet the need of larger networks include:
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS).
• Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP)
 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used between Internet service providers (ISPs)
Dynamic Routing Protocol Components
 Purpose of dynamic routing protocols includes:
• Discovery of remote networks
• Maintaining up-to-date routing information
• Choosing the best path to destination networks
• Ability to find a new best path if the current path is no
longer available
 The main components of dynamic routing
protocols include:
• Data structures - tables or databases kept in RAM.
• Routing protocol messages - to discover neighboring
routers, exchange routing information, and maintain
accurate information about the network.
• Algorithms – to facilitate learning routing information
and for best path determination.
Dynamic versus Static Routing
Static Routing Uses
 Networks often use both static
and dynamic routing.
 Static Routing is used as
follows:
• For easy routing table
maintenance in small networks.
• Routing to and from a stub
network.
• Accessing a single default route.
Static Routing Advantages and Disadvantages
Dynamic Routing Protocols Uses
 Dynamic routing is the best
choice for large networks
 Dynamic routing protocols help
the network administrator
manage the network:
• Providing redundant paths
• Automatically implementing the
alternate path when a link goes
down.
Dynamic Routing Advantages and Disadvantages
3.2 RIPv2
Router RIP Configuration Mode
 Use the router rip command to enable RIP v1
 Use the no router rip command to disable RIP
Configuring the RIP Protocol
Advertise Networks
 The network network-address
router configuration mode
command:
• Enables RIP on all interfaces that
belong to a specific network
• Advertises the network in RIP routing
updates sent to other routers every 30
seconds.
Note: RIPv1 is a classful routing protocol

for IPv4.
Verify RIP Routing
show ip route – displays RIP routes

installed in the routing table.
show ip protocols – displays IPv4 routing
protocols configured on the router.
Enable and Verify RIPv2
 Use the version 2 router
configuration mode command to
enable RIPv2
 Use the show ip protocols
command to verify that RIPv2 is
configured.
 Use the show ip route
command to verify the RIPv2
routes in the routing table.
Disable Auto Summarization
 RIPv2 automatically
summarizes networks at major
network boundaries.
 Use the no auto-summary
router configuration mode
command to disable auto
summarization.
 Use the show ip protocols
command to verify that auto
summarization is off.
Configure Passive Interfaces
 RIP updates:
• Are forwarded out all RIP-enabled
interfaces by default.
• Only need to be sent out interfaces that are
connected to other RIP-enabled routers.
 Sending RIP updates to LANs wastes
bandwidth, wastes resources, and is a
security risk.
 Use the passive-interface router
configuration command to stop routing
updates out the interface. Still allows
that network to be advertised to other
routers.
Propagate a Default Route
 In the diagram a default static
route to the Internet is configured
on R1.
 The default-information
originate router configuration
command instructs R1 to send the
default static route information in
the RIP updates.
Packet Tracer - Configuring RIPv2
Lab - Configuring Basic RIPv2
3.3 The Routing Table
Parts of an IPv4 Route Entry
Routing Table Entries
Routing Table for R1
Directly Connected Entries  Directly Connected Networks (C) are
automatically added to the routing table
when the interface is configured and
activated.
 Entries contain the following information:
• Route source - how the route was learned.
• Destination network – remote network.
• Outgoing Interface – exit interface used to
forward packets to destination.
 Other route source entries include:
• S –Static Route
• D – EIGRP routing protocol
• O – OSPF routing protocol
• R - RIP routing protocol
Remote Network Entries
 Routes to remote networks contain the
following information:
• Route source – how route was learned
• Destination network
• Administrative distance (AD) -
trustworthiness of the route.
• Metric – value assigned to reach the remote
network. Lower is better.
• Next hop – IPv4 address of the next router
that the packet should be forwarded to.
• Route timestamp – time since the route was
updated.
• Outgoing interface - the exit interface to use
to forward the packet
Dynamically Learned IPv4 Routes
Routing Table Terms
 The routing table is a hierarchical
structure that is used to speed up the
lookup process when locating routes and
forwarding packets.
 The hierarchy includes:
• Ultimate Routes
• Level 1 routes
• Level 1 parent routes
• Level 2 child routes
Ultimate Route
 An ultimate route is a routing table
entry that contains either a next-hop
IPv4 address or an exit interface.
 Directly connected, dynamically
learned, and local routes are
ultimate routes.
Level 1 Route
 A level 1 route can be a:
• Network route - a network route that
has a subnet mask equal to that of the
classful mask.
• Supernet route - a network address
with a mask less than the classful
mask, for example, a summary
address.
• Default route - a static route with the
address 0.0.0.0/0
Level 1 Parent Route
 A parent route is a level 1 network
route that is subnetted.
 In the routing table, it basically provides
a heading for the specific subnets it
contains.
Level 2 Child Route
 A level 2 child route is a route that is
a subnet of a classful network
address.
 Level 1 parent routes contain level 2
child routes.
 Level 2 child routes are also ultimate
routes.
The IPv4 Route Lookup Process
Route Lookup Process  Router lookup process:
• If the best match is a level 1 ultimate
route, then this route is used to forward
the packet.
• If the best match is a level 1 parent route,
the router then examines child routes (the
subnet routes).
• If there is a match with a level 2 child
route, that is used to forward the packet.
• If there is no match with level 2 child
routes, the router searches level 1
supernet or default routes. If there is a
match, that route is used.
• If there is no match found in the routing
table the packet is dropped.
The IPv4 Route Lookup Process
Best Route = Longest Match
 The best match is the route in the
routing table that has the most number
of far left matching bits with the
destination IPv4 address of the packet.
 The route with the greatest number of
equivalent far left bits, or the longest
match, is always the preferred route.
Analyze an IPv6 Routing Table
IPv6 Routing Table Entries
 An IPv6 routing table includes directly

connected, static and dynamically
learned routes.
 All IPv6 routes are level 1 ultimate
routes.
Directly Connected Entries
 Use the show ipv6 route command to
display the IPv6 routing table.
 The directly connected route entries
include the following:
• Route source – How the route was learned.
Directly connected indicated with a C and L for
local route.
• Directly connected network address.
• Administrative distance – Trustworthiness of
the route (lower more trustworthy).
• Metric – Value assigned to reach the network
(lower is preferred route).
• Outgoing interface – Exit interface used to
forward packet.
Remote IPv6 Network Entries
 The remote IPv6 route entries also
include the following:
• Route source – How the route was
learned. Common codes include O
(OSPF), D (EIGRP), R (RIP), and S
(Static route).
• Next hop - Identifies the IPv6 address of
the next router to forward the packet to.
 The IPv6 router lookup process:
• Examines level 1 network routes for the
best match.
• Longest match is the best match.
3.4 Chapter Summary
Conclusion
 Explain the function of dynamic routing protocols.
 Implement RIPv2.
 Determine the route source, administrative distance, and

metric for a given route.

Chapter 3: Dynamic Routing: Instructor Materials

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 3: Dynamic Routing: Instructor Materials

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 3: Dynamic Routing: Instructor Materials

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 3: Dynamic Routing

CCNA Routing and Switching

CCNA Routing and Switching

• 3.3 The Routing Table

 Use the router rip command to enable RIP v1

 Use the no router rip command to disable RIP

Note: RIPv1 is a classful routing protocol

show ip route – displays RIP routes

Routing Table for R1

 An IPv6 routing table includes directly

 Determine the route source, administrative distance, and

You might also like