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Distributed DBMS Issues

The document discusses several key issues in distributed database management systems (DBMS), including: 1) How to design the distribution of the database across multiple sites including whether parts are replicated. 2) Processing queries by converting user transactions, optimizing for things like data transmission costs, and dealing with the computational complexity. 3) Controlling concurrent access through synchronization, consistency, isolation of transactions, and deadlock management. 4) Ensuring reliability through features like atomicity and durability despite potential hardware and software failures.

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Adiba khan
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43 views18 pages

Distributed DBMS Issues

The document discusses several key issues in distributed database management systems (DBMS), including: 1) How to design the distribution of the database across multiple sites including whether parts are replicated. 2) Processing queries by converting user transactions, optimizing for things like data transmission costs, and dealing with the computational complexity. 3) Controlling concurrent access through synchronization, consistency, isolation of transactions, and deadlock management. 4) Ensuring reliability through features like atomicity and durability despite potential hardware and software failures.

Uploaded by

Adiba khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Distributed DBMS Issues

• Distributed Database Design


• How to distribute the database
• Replicated & non-replicated database distribution
• A related problem in directory management
• Query Processing
• Convert user transactions to data manipulation instructions
• Optimization problem
• min{cost = data transmission + local processing}
• General formulation is NP-hard
Distributed DBMS Issues
• Concurrency Control
• Synchronization of concurrent accesses
• Consistency and isolation of transactions' effects
• Deadlock management

• Reliability
• How to make the system resilient to failures
• Atomicity and durability
Relationship Between
Issues Directory
Management

Query Distribution
Reliability
Processing Design

Concurrency
Control

Deadlock
Management
Related Issues
• Operating System Support
• Operating system with proper support for database operations
• Dichotomy between general purpose processing requirements and database processing
requirements
• Open Systems and Interoperability
• Distributed Multidatabase Systems
• More probable scenario
• Parallel issues
Architecture
• Defines the structure of the system
• components identified
• functions of each component defined
• interrelationships and interactions between components defined
ANSI/SPARC Architecture
Users

External External External External


Schema view view view

Conceptual Conceptual
view
Schema

Internal Internal view


Schema
Generic DBMS Architecture
DBMS Implementation Alternatives
Dimensions of the Problem
• Distribution
• Whether the components of the system are located on the same machine or not
• Heterogeneity
• Various levels (hardware, communications, operating system)
• DBMS important one
• data model, query language,transaction management algorithms

• Autonomy
• Not well understood and most troublesome
• Various versions
• Design autonomy: Ability of a component DBMS to decide on issues related to its own design.
• Communication autonomy: Ability of a component DBMS to decide whether and how to communicate with other
DBMSs.
• Execution autonomy: Ability of a component DBMS to execute local operations in any manner it wants to.
Client/Server Architecture
Advantages of Client-Server
Architectures
• More efficient division of labor
• Horizontal and vertical scaling of resources
• Better price/performance on client machines
• Ability to use familiar tools on client machines
• Client access to remote data (via standards)
• Full DBMS functionality provided to client workstations
• Overall better system price/performance
Database Server
Distributed Database Servers
Datalogical Distributed DBMS Architecture
ES1 ES2 ... ESn

GCS

LCS1 LCS2 ... LCSn

LIS1 LIS2 ... LISn


Peer-to-Peer Component Architecture
USER PROCESSOR DATA PROCESSOR

Global Local System Local


External
Conceptual Conceptual Log Internal
Schema Schema GD/D Schema Schema
User
requests Database

Semantic Data
User Interface

Local Recovery
Global Query

Local Query
Controller

Optimizer

Execution
Handler

Processor

Processor
Manager

Runtime
Monitor

Support
Global
USER

System
responses
Datalogical Multi-DBMS Architecture
GES1 GES2 ... GESn

LES11 … LES1n GCS LESn1 … LESnm

LCS1 LCS2 … LCSn

LIS1 LIS2 … LISn


MDBS Components & Execution
Global
User
Request

Local Local
User Multi-DBMS User
Request Layer Request
Global Global Global
Subrequest Subrequest Subrequest

DBMS1 DBMS2 DBMS3


Mediator/Wrapper Architecture

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