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Mes p2 Module5

This document discusses different types of operating systems and key aspects of real-time operating systems. It describes general purpose operating systems that are deployed on general computing systems and real-time operating systems that are used in embedded systems requiring deterministic and timely responses. It also outlines some of the core functions of a real-time kernel including task management, scheduling, synchronization, memory management and interrupt handling.

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M.A raja
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61 views13 pages

Mes p2 Module5

This document discusses different types of operating systems and key aspects of real-time operating systems. It describes general purpose operating systems that are deployed on general computing systems and real-time operating systems that are used in embedded systems requiring deterministic and timely responses. It also outlines some of the core functions of a real-time kernel including task management, scheduling, synchronization, memory management and interrupt handling.

Uploaded by

M.A raja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF OPERATING By

Curated By
SYSTEMS Kavitha Patil
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

Depending on the type of kernel and kernel services, purpose and type of
computing systems where the OS is deployed and the responsiveness to
applications, Operating Systems are classified into
1. General Purpose Operating System (GPOS):
2. Real Time Purpose Operating System (RTOS):

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM 1 January 2020


MODULE OUTCOMES

 At the end of this module ,You will be able to :


 Operating System Basics:
 Types of Operating Systems
 Real Time Kernel Task/Process Management
 Memory Management:
 Interrupt Handling
 Hard Real-time System:
 Tasks, Processes & Threads
 The Concept of multithreading

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020
SESSION SCHEDULE

 8 learning sessions
 2 session for assignment and reviews
 Teaching methods
 group learning ,
 peer learning ,
 innovative quiz
 self learning

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020
SESSION 2

 At the end of this session you will be able to :

 Types of Operating Systems


 Real Time Kernel Task/Process Management
 Memory Management

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020
GENERAL PURPOSE OPERATING SYSTEM
(GPOS)
 Operating Systems, which are deployed in general computing
systems
 • The kernel is more generalized and contains all the required
servicesto execute generic applications
 • Need not be deterministic in execution behavior
 • May inject random delays into application software and thus
cause slow responsiveness of an application at unexpected times
• Usually deployed in computing systems where deterministic
behavior is not an important criterion
• Personal Computer/Desktop system is a typical example for a
systemwhere GPOSs are deployed.
• Windows XP/MS-DOS etc are examples of General Purpose
Operating System

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020
REAL TIME PURPOSE OPERATING SYSTEM
(RTOS)
 Operating Systems, which are deployed in embedded systems
demanding real-time response
 • Deterministic in execution behavior. Consumes only known
amount oftime for kernel applications
• Implements scheduling policies for executing the highest
priority task/application always
• Implements policies and rules concerning time-critical
allocation of a system’s resources
• Windows CE, QNX, VxWorks , MicroC/OS-II etc are examples of
Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS)

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020
THE REAL TIME KERNEL

 The kernel of a Real Time Operating System is referred as Real


Time kernel. In complement to the conventional OS kernel, the
Real Time kernel is highly specialized and it contains only the
minimal set of services required for running the user
applications/tasks. The basic functions of a Real Time kernel are
 a) Task/Process management
 b) Task/Process scheduling
c) Task/Process synchronization
d) Error/Exception handling
e) Memory Management
f) Interrupt handling
g) Time management

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020
REAL TIME KERNEL TASK/PROCESS MANAGEMENT

 . ❖ Task ID: Task Identification Number


 ❖ Task State: The current state of the task. (E.g. State=
‘Ready’ for a task which is ready to execute)
 ❖ Task Type: Task type. Indicates what is the type for this
task. The task can be a hard real time or soft real time or
background task.
❖ Task Priority: Task priority (E.g. Task priority =1 for task with
priority =1)
❖ Task Context Pointer: Context pointer. Pointer for context
saving

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020
REAL TIME KERNEL TASK/PROCESS
MANAGEMENT

 Task Memory Pointers: Pointers to the code memory, data


memory and stack memory for the task
 ❖ Task System Resource Pointers: Pointers to system
resources (semaphores, mutex etc) used by the task
 ❖ Task Pointers: Pointers to other TCBs (TCBs for preceding,
next and waiting tasks)

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020
TASK/PROCESS SCHEDULING

 Task/Process Synchronization
 Error/Exception handling
 Memory Management:

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020
MEMORY MANAGEMENT:

 The memory management function of an RTOS kernel is slightly


different compared to the General Purpose Operating Systems
 ❖ The memory allocation time increases depending on the size
of the block of memory needs to be allocated and the state of
the allocated memory block (initialized memory block
consumes more allocation time than uninitialized memory
block)
 ❖ Since predictable timing and deterministic behavior are the
primary focus for an RTOS, RTOS achieves this by
compromising the effectiveness of memory allocation
 ❖ RTOS generally uses ‘block’ based memory allocation
technique, instead of the usual dynamic memory allocation
techniques used by theGPOS.

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020
SUMMARY :

 In this Session ,You have learned


 Types of Operating Systems
 Real Time Kernel Task/Process Management

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM


1 January 2020

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