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Computer Applications in Business: Lecture No.8 (CAB)

The document discusses the generations of computers. The first generation used vacuum tubes and had bulky sizes, limited applications, and slow speeds. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller, more reliable, efficient, and faster while still being very costly. Key features and examples of first and second generation computers are provided.

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Imran Kashif
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48 views14 pages

Computer Applications in Business: Lecture No.8 (CAB)

The document discusses the generations of computers. The first generation used vacuum tubes and had bulky sizes, limited applications, and slow speeds. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller, more reliable, efficient, and faster while still being very costly. Key features and examples of first and second generation computers are provided.

Uploaded by

Imran Kashif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Applications in

Business
B.Com. Part 1st
Lecture No.8 (CAB)
Instructor Name: Imran Kashif
Govt. Sadiq College of Commerce,
Bahawalpur.
1
Today’s Lecture Topic
Computer Generations

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Computer Generations
Generation in computer terminology is a
change in technology a computer is/was being
used. Initially, the generation term was used to
distinguish between varying hardware
technologies. Nowadays, generation includes
both hardware and software, which together
make up an entire computer system.

4
First Computer Generation
The period of first generation was from
1946-1956. The computers of first
generation used vacuum tubes as the basic
components for memory and circuitry for
CPU(Central Processing Unit).
The computers in this generation used
machine code as the programming
language.
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Features of Computer 1st Generation
(1946 t0 1959)
The general technical features of the first-generation computer are -:
(i)Use of vacuum tubes: The vacuum tubes were used in the circuits of these computers.
(ii) Bulky size-: They were too bulky in size, requiring large rooms for installation.
(iii) Use of punch card -: The input and output operations were done using punched
card technology.
(iv) Use of magnetic memory-: For external storage magnetic taps were used. The magnetic
drum was used as internal memory.
(v)  Limited application -: Since these computers were difficult to program and use they have
limited commercial use.
(vi) speed-: The processing speed was
 First generation of computer |very low. These
Advantages andcomputers can execute
Disadvantages a hundred of
of first-generation
instruction per second. computers  
(vii) Power consumption-: These computers consumed high power and generate a great amount
of heat.
(viii) Programming in machine and assembly language-: These computers had very limited
programming capability. They use machine and assembly language for programming.
(ix) Reliability-: Due to the frequent failure of circuits these computers were not very reliable.
 (x) Cost -: The cost of these computers were very high.
Examples-: The computer belongs to the first generation are EDVAC, UNIVAC, IBM700,
IBM7001, IBM709, MARK I, MARK II.

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Advantages of Computer 1
Generation
1.Made use of vacuum tubes which are the only
electronic component available during those
days.
2.Use of vacuum tube technology made possible
to make an electronic digital computer.
3.These computers could calculate in
milliseconds.

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Disadvantages of Computer
1st Generation
1.The computers were very larger in size
2.They consumed a large amount of energy.
3.They heated very soon due to thousands of vacuum tubes.
4.They were not very reliable.
5.Air conditioning is required.
6.Constant maintenance was required.
7.Not-portable.
8.Costly commercial production.
9.Very slow speed.
10.Limited programming capabilities.
11.Used machine language only.
12.Used punch card for input.
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13.Not versatile and less accurate.
Computers of 1st Generations

9
Second Computer Generation
The period of second generation was from
1956-1964. In this generation, transistors
were used that were cheaper, consumed
less power, more compact in size, more
reliable and faster than the first generation
machines made of vacuum tubes. In this
generation, magnetic cores were used as
the primary memory and magnetic tape and
magnetic disks as secondary storage
devices.
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Features of Computer 2nd Generation
(1946 t0 1959)
The main features of second generation are:
•Use of transistors
•Reliable in comparison to first generation computers
•Smaller size as compared to first generation computers
•Generated less heat as compared to first generation
computers
•Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation
computers
•Faster than first generation computers
•Still very costly
•AC required
•Supported machine and assembly languages
Some computers of this generation were :
•IBM 1620,IBM 7094,CDC 1604,CDC 3600,UNIVAC 1108
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Advantages of Computer
2nd Generation
1.Smaller in size as compared to the first generation computer.
2.The second-generation computers were more reliable.
3.Used less energy and were not heated as much
as firstgeneration computer.
4.Wider commercial use.
5.Better portability as compared to the first generation
computers.
6.Better speed and could calculate data in microseconds.
7.Used faster peripherals like tape drives, magnetic disk etc.
8.Used assembly language as well as machine language.
9.Accuracy improved.
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Disadvantages of Computer
2nd Generation
1.The cooling system was required.
2.Constant maintenance required.
3.Commercial production was difficult.
4.Only used for specific purposes.
5.Costly and not versatile.
6.Punch cards were used for input.
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Computers of 2nd Generation

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