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Static Pitot Tube: Flow Measurement

This document describes an experiment to calibrate a Pitot static tube and compare its flow measurements to a venturi meter and anemometer. A blower is used to generate airflow through a pipe fitted with a Pitot tube and venturi meter. The Pitot tube measures stagnation and static pressure to calculate flow velocity using Bernoulli's equation. Flow rates are varied using an outlet valve and measurements are recorded from the venturi meter, Pitot tube, and anemometer. Readings are tabulated and used to calculate flow properties and measurement errors between the devices. The Pitot static tube was found to have higher error than the anemometer, possibly due to apparatus inaccuracy and difficulty measuring low flow speeds.

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Muthu Karthik
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129 views23 pages

Static Pitot Tube: Flow Measurement

This document describes an experiment to calibrate a Pitot static tube and compare its flow measurements to a venturi meter and anemometer. A blower is used to generate airflow through a pipe fitted with a Pitot tube and venturi meter. The Pitot tube measures stagnation and static pressure to calculate flow velocity using Bernoulli's equation. Flow rates are varied using an outlet valve and measurements are recorded from the venturi meter, Pitot tube, and anemometer. Readings are tabulated and used to calculate flow properties and measurement errors between the devices. The Pitot static tube was found to have higher error than the anemometer, possibly due to apparatus inaccuracy and difficulty measuring low flow speeds.

Uploaded by

Muthu Karthik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATIC PITOT

TUBEFlow Measurement
OBJECTIVE

• To calibrate the Pitot Tube and compare the results with that of
a venturimeter and anemometer.
THEORY
• Pipe flow problems are generally based on one dimensional approach.

• Energy correction factor (alpha) and Momentum correction factor (beta) to


obtain near true values.

• A Pitot tube is used to obtain the velocity distribution across a


section.
THEORY
• Applying Bernoulli’s equation between stagnation points and undisturbed
flow point along the same plan,

C is the corrective coefficient


APPARATUS : A blower is used to generate air in the pipe attached to it. At the end of the pipe valve is
fitted to vary discharge by blower. A pitot tube is fitted to the pipe. A pointer connected to the Pitot tube
such that it moves along the graduated scale on moving the tube. Also discharge measurement unit in
the pipeline(venturimeter with manometer).
❖ The following points will explain about the apparatus of the Pitot Static tube experiment :
● The blower is attached to the pipe to generate air inside the pipe.
● A valve is fitted at the end of the pipe to vary the discharge of the fluid by the blower .
● A Pitot static tube is a flow measurement device which is used to measure the fluid flow velocity in the
pipe.
● A device which has arrangements for measuring both the static and stagnation pressure is known as
Pitot Static tube.
● It consists of two concentric pitot-tubes with an annular space in between.The outer tubes has
additional two or holes drilled perpendicular to the direction of flow.
● Thus, the liquid level in it gives the static head while the inner tube works as a normal pitot
tube.
● If a differential manometer is connected to the tubes of pitot-static tube it will measure the dynamic
pressure head.
● The liquid flows up to the tube and when equilibrium is attained,the liquid reaches a height above the
free surface of the water stream.
● There is discharge measurement unit is present in the pipeline which consists of venturimeter and
manometer.
● A pitot tube has only one opening which is in front of the tube measures only the stagnation pressure
but the pitot static tube measures both stagnation and dynamic pressure in the same device. It has pitot
tube inside another tube with holes in the sides of that outer tube.The outer tube measures the static
pressure and the inner one with the opening right on the front measures the pitot pressure.
● The pipe has a flow control valve to regulate the fluid flow.
● The discharge measurement unit which consists of venturimeter and manometer is used to adjust the
fluid flow and and calculate the pressure.
● A Venturimeter is a flow measurement instrument which uses a converging section in the pipe to give
an increase in the fluid velocity and a corresponding pressure drop from which the flow rate can be
deduced. It causes reduction in fluid pressure and calculates volumetric flow rate using Bernouli’s
principle.
● The main reason is there is no stagnation pressure in a venturimeter but changes the fluid flow,thus
changing the dynamic pressure
● The pitot meter also measures flow speed but it forces the fluid to reach a stagnation point and
abruptly change flow direction which is the source of the difference in flow speed.
● A Manometer is used to calculate the pressure of fluid flow.A U-Tube Manometer is provided to
determine the velocity head. A liquid column manometer is used to measure the pressure difference in
the pitot tube apparatus.
Venturi Meter
Experimental Procedure
Static Pitot Tube
• TO RUN THE BLOWER ,
PRESS ON THE “ RUN”
SWITCH ON THE
REGULATOR.
• KEEP THE PITOT AT THE
MIDDLE OF THE PIPE
• OUTLET VALVE AT DESIRED
POSITION
• REGULATE THE OUTLET
VALVE
MEASURE THE VENTURIMETER
AND PITOT READING FROM
MANOMETER.

MEASURE VELOCITY IN
ANEMOMETER

TABULATE THE READINGS.


ANEMOMETER U -TUBE
MANOMETER
Calculation And
Application
Tabulation Of Values
Formulas
Model Calculation
Result

• The given pitot static tube has been calibrated.

• We compared the readings generated of venturi meter and anemometer.

• The overall accuracy of Anemometer was found to be higher.

• Error calculated was on the higher side as this could be induced due to
inaccuracy of the apparatus as well as lack of accuracy when it comes to
measurement of small speeds of the pitot static tube.
• The Error in in raw form was negative implying lesser than expected
Applications
• Used in airplanes to measure Air speed and used to moderate the landing
process by auto adjusting via autopilot.

• Used in Formula One Cars for measurement.

• Used in weather predicting devices that measure speeds of wind accurately.

• Used in to measure flow rate of hard water vapor into nuclear reactors.

• Used widely in boats as well to measure nautical miles per hour.


Thank YOU
Seminar By

• Karthik M 102118032
• Madhu Sudhanan 102118035
• Meithreyan 102118033
• Manohar L 102118034

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