006 The Propaganda Movement

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Life and Works of Rizal

• The Propaganda Movement

Source: Mr. Ray Obispo (MIDTERM LEARNING RESOURCES)


C. QUILANG
The Propaganda Movement
The Propaganda Movement
• The limited higher education in the Philippines was entirely under
clerical direction, but by the 1880s many sons of wealthy Filipinos
were sent to Europe to study. There, nationalism and a passion for
reform blossomed in the liberal atmosphere.
• In the freer atmosphere of Europe, these émigrés - liberals exiled in
1872 and students attending European universities - formed the
Propaganda Movement. 
• Its aim is to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony and
to propagate a closer relationship between the colony and Spain.
Members were from the middle class families representing the group of
Filipino Inteligencia.
The Propaganda Movement
The Propaganda Movement
• The Propaganda Movement was a period of time when native Filipinos
were calling for reforms, lasting approximately from 1880 to 1886 with
the most activity between 1880 and 1895.
• In the freer atmosphere of Europe, these émigrés - liberals exiled in
1872 and students attending European universities - formed the
Propaganda Movement. 
• Its aim is to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony and
to propagate a closer relationship between the colony and Spain.
Members were from the middle class families representing the group of
Filipino Inteligencia.
The Propaganda Movement
The Propaganda Movement
• Unifying Forces during the unorganized years - The propaganda
worked individually, in the beginning, writing articles expressing their
nationalistic sentiments for liberal and radial Spanish newspapers.
• Revival of Activities in the Philippines - As the campaign for reforms
In Spain became more intense, the nationalist reformists in the
Philippines were busy with their won plans led by Marcelo H. del Pilar.
• Filipino Nationalists formally organized - Since the propagandists had
started their crusade for reforms in Spain in the 1880.
The Propaganda Movement
The Propaganda Movement
• Movement inspired by GomBurZa  - Fathers Mariano Gomez , Jose
Burgos , Jacinto Zamora who were executed on February 17, 1872. 
Awakened Filipinos and inspired the organization of the Propaganda
Movement.
• Glimpses of propaganda Literature - The spirit of the movement was
predominantly political, however, it produced nationalistic literary works
which contributed to the blossoming Filipino literature.
• Masonry and the Propaganda movement - Disgusted with the role of the
friars in the Philippine affairs, the Filipino propagandists in Spain
affiliated with the Masonic lodges in Spain
The Propaganda Movement
The Propaganda Movement
On Dec 13, 1888 they established in Barcelona the La Solidaridad. The
Propaganda movement was not a radical agitation to overthrow Spanish rule
by a bloody revolution but instead it was a peaceful campaign following
these aims:
1.  Equality of Filipinos and the Spaniards before the law
2.  Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain
3.  Restoration of Philippine representation in the Cortes, the law
making body of Spain
4. Filipinization of Philippine parishes, Secularization of the clergy
The Propaganda Movement
The Propaganda Movement
5. Guarantee basic freedoms of speech and association; Individual liberties
for the Filipinos, such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom
to assembly and freedom of petition for action on all complaints
6. Equal status and opportunities for both Filipinos and Spaniards especially
when entering to government service
7. Creation of a public school system independent of the friars
8. Abolishment of polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local
products to the government)
The Propaganda Movement
The Propaganda Movement
• The reformists did not demand separation from Spain for they believed
that their people were not yet ready for an independent life. The only
reform they demanded were those conducive to the preservation of
harmonious relation between their country and Spain and the
advancement of the Filipino people.
• The Propaganda Movement never asked for Philippine independence
because its members believed that once Spain realizes the pitiful state
of the country, the Spaniards would implement the changes the
Filipinos were seeking.
The Propaganda Movement
The Propaganda Movement
La Asociacion Hispano-Filipino
• Established in January 12, 1889
• A civic society in Madrid of the propagandists and their Spanish friends
• Filipino Members included Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar,
Jose Rizal, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose M. Panganiban, Eduardo
de Lete, and a few others. (1)

• The Spanish members of the society were Miguel Morayta and Felipe de la
Corte
• Miguel Morayta was the first president
(1) Philippine News Agency archives
The Propaganda Movement
The Death of GOMBURZA
The rise and cause of the propaganda is due to the Cavite mutiny of the
GOMBURZA. This drove Rizal and companions to organize a propaganda
movement.
• In February 17, 1872, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jocinto
Zamora, all Filipino priests, were executed by the Spanish colonizers
on charges of subversion. 
• The charges against Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were their
alleged complicity in the uprising of workers at the Cavite Naval Yard. 
The Propaganda Movement
The Death of GOMBURZA
The rise and cause of the propaganda is due to the Cavite mutiny of the
GOMBURZA. This drove Rizal and companions to organize a propaganda
movement.
• In February 17, 1872, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jocinto
Zamora, all Filipino priests, were executed by the Spanish colonizers on
charges of subversion. 
• The charges against Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were their alleged
complicity in the uprising of workers at the Cavite Naval Yard. 
• The martyrdom of the three priests apparently helped to inspire the
organization of the Propaganda Movement, which aimed to seek reforms and
inform Spain of the abuses of its colonial government.
The Propaganda Movement
The Propagandists
The Filipinos in Europe were much more active in seeking reforms than those in
Manila.
They were divided into three groups:
1. Filipinos who had been exiled to the Marianas Islands in 1872 after being
implicated in the Cavite Mutiny. 
2. Illustrados in the Philippines who had been sent to Europe for their
education.
3. Filipinos who had fled their country to avoid punishment for a crime, or
simply because they could not stand Spanish atrocities any longer.
The Propaganda Movement
The Major Propagandists
 Masonry
• One of the oldest fraternities in Europe
• Became a popular organization for Filipino liberals and democrats
• Revolucion – 1st Filipino Masonic lodge in Barcelona founded by Lopez
Jaena
• Solidaridad – Founded by M. del Pilar in Madrid
• Nilad – 1st Masonic Lodge in the Philippines founded by Pedro Serrano
Laktaw.
 
The Propaganda Movement
The Major Propagandists
Graciano Lopez Jaena
• A native of Jaro, Iloilo.
• Famous for his satirical work entitled “Fray Botod”
• Left the Philippines in 1880 after “Fray Botod” was published
• A Brilliant Orator
• Other works include “Esperanza” and “La Hija del Fraile” which all
criticized the abuses of Spanish friars in the Philippines
• Founded “La Solidaridad” in 1889
The Propaganda Movement
The Major Propagandists
Marcelo del Pilar
• A fierce lawyer and writer from Malolos, Bulacan
• Identified by Spanish authorities in Madrid as “the most dangerous Indio”
• Founded the “Diariong Tagalog” in 1882, the first Filipino newspaper written
in the vernacular.
• One of the first Filipinos initiated into the mysteries of Masonry in Europe.
• He co-founded Logia Revoluccion in Barcelona
• Revived La Solidaridad when it floundered into stormy seas where he became
its Worshipful Master and with Jose Rizal as Orator.
The Propaganda Movement
The Major Propagandists
Del Pilar’s Famous works include:
1. La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas (Monastic Supremacy in the
Philippines)
2. La Frailocracia Filipina (The Friars in the Philippines)
3. Caiingat Kayo
4. Dasalan at Tocsohan (parody of the Lord’s prayer)
5. Kadakilaan ng Diyos Sagot ng Espanyasa Hibikng Pilipinas
6. Ten Commandments of the Friars
The Propaganda Movement
The Major Propagandists
Jose Rizal
• Known for his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
• Rizal returned to the Philippines in June 1892, partly because the
Dominicans had evicted his father and sisters from the land they leased
from the friars’ estate at Calamba, in Laguna Province. 
• Founded La Liga Filipina (1892) after the failure of the Propaganda
Movement
• It was dissolved, however, following his arrest and exile to the remote
town of Dapitan in northwestern Mindanao.
The Propaganda Movement
Other Propagandists and their Literature
1. Pedro Paterno - wrote Ninay and Sampaguita
2. Gregorio Sanciangco - wrote El Progreso de Filipinas
3. Antonio Luna - wrote Impresiones
4. Jose Maria Panganiban - wrote La Universidad de Pilipinas:
Plano de Estudios 
5. Mariano Ponce - wrote Celebres Filipinos 
6. Isabelo delos Reyes - wrote Historia de Ilocos and El
Folklore Filipino
The Propaganda Movement
Other Propagandists and their Literature
Problems of the Propagandist
• Differences of opinion and personal problems
• Their inadequate financial resource
• The patience of the people back home was rapidly waning
• The publication of La Sol ceased to exist
• Personal and health problems of reformists
• Homesickness
The Propaganda Movement
La Solidaridad
• In order to help achieve its goals, the Propaganda Movement put up its own
newspaper, called La Solidaridad.
• The Soli, as the reformists fondly called their official organ, came out once
every two weeks (biweekly)
• The first issue saw print was published on November 15, 1895.
• The Solidaridad’s first editor was Graciano Lopez Jaena. Marcelo H. delPilar
took over in October 1889. Del Pilar managed the Soli until it stopped
publication due to lack of funds.
• Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce comprised the main staff
of La Solidaridad, official organ of the Philippine propaganda movement in
Spain; they were called the “Glorious Trinity of the Propaganda Movement”
The Propaganda Movement
La Solidaridad
Aims:
• To work for political and social reforms peacefully
• To present the sad conditions in the Philippines so that Spain
can remedy them
• To oppose the evil influences of reaction and outmoded beliefs
and practices
• To advocate liberal ideas and progress
• To champion the just aspirations of the Filipinos to life,
democracy and happiness
The Propaganda Movement
La Solidaridad
Pen Names of the Members
• Marcelo H. Del Pilar - Plaridel
• Jose Rizal - Laong Laan and Dimasalang
• Mariano Ponce - Naning, Tikbalang or Kalipulako
• Antonio Luna - Taga-ilog
• Jose Ma. Panganiban - Jomapa
• Dominador Gomez - Ramiro Franco
The Propaganda Movement
La Liga Filipina
In 1892, Jose Rizal returned to the Philippines and proposed the
establishment of a civic organization called “La Liga Filipina”
The motto Unus instar Omnium (One like All).
On July 3, 1892, the following were elected as its officers:
• President - Ambrosio Salvador
• Fiscal - Agustin dela Rosa,
• Treasurer - Bonifacio Arevalo
• Secretary - Deodato Arellano
• Adviser - Jose Rizal
The Propaganda Movement
La Liga Filipina
• On July 6, 1892,( Three days after the formation of La Liga )
Jose Rizal was secretly arrested.
• The next day, Governor General Eulogio Despujol ordered
Rizal’s deportation to Dapitan, Zamboanga. 
• La Liga Filipina's membership was active in the beginning;
but later, they began to drift apart.
• Andres Bonifacio was one of those who believed that the only
way to achieve meaningful change was through a bloody
revolution.
The Propaganda Movement
La Liga Filipina
The constitution was written in Hong Kong with the help of Jose
Ma. Basa. The Constitution states:
• Union of the Philippine Archipelago into a compact, strong and
homogeneous body.
• Mutual protection of the members
• Defense against all violence and injustice
• Encouragement of education, agriculture and commerce
•  Study and application of reforms
The Propaganda Movement
La Liga Filipina
Objectives:
• Unification of the archipelago into a one compact, vigorous and
homogenous body;
• Mutual protection in every want and need;
• Defense against all forms of violence and injustices;
•  Encouragement of education, agriculture and commerce;
• The study of application of reforms
The Propaganda Movement
La Liga Filipina
 Significance of the Movement
• Succeeded in influencing profound political developments
• Politicized a great number of Filipinos
• Establishment of a group that yearned for reforms, the
Katipunan
The Propaganda Movement
The Arrest of Rizal
July 7, 1892: Gen. Eulogio Despujol ordered Rizal’s imprisonment
at Fort Santiago
July 15: He was put into exile in Dapitan
• This marked the fall of the La Liga Filipin
• Some members, led by Apolinario Mabini, tried to revive the
league but the failed because many members, including
Andres Bonifacio, believed that it was useless to expect
reforms from the corrupt Spaniards.

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