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The document discusses image segmentation. It defines image segmentation as partitioning an image into groups of pixels that correlate with objects in the image. Segmentation subdivides an image into its constituent regions or objects. The main purpose is to analyze each object after it has been identified. Segmentation algorithms are generally based on discontinuity, which partitions based on intensity changes like edges, or similarity, which partitions into regions with similar predefined criteria. Key methods discussed are detection of points, lines, and edges using masks to find discontinuities in pixel intensities.

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Arunabha Datta
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110 views11 pages

Video Lecture PPT Format

The document discusses image segmentation. It defines image segmentation as partitioning an image into groups of pixels that correlate with objects in the image. Segmentation subdivides an image into its constituent regions or objects. The main purpose is to analyze each object after it has been identified. Segmentation algorithms are generally based on discontinuity, which partitions based on intensity changes like edges, or similarity, which partitions into regions with similar predefined criteria. Key methods discussed are detection of points, lines, and edges using masks to find discontinuities in pixel intensities.

Uploaded by

Arunabha Datta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of
Computer Science & Engineering

Subject Name with code: Digital Image Processing (6CS3-01)

Topic Name: Image Segmentation

Presented by: Arunabha Datta


Computer Science & Engineering
Image Segmentation
What is Image Segmentation
 Segmentation attempts to partition the pixels of an image into groups that
strongly correlate with the objects in an image.
 Segmentation subdivides an image into its constituent region or objects.

Aim of Image Segmentation 

 The main purpose of subdividing an image into it is constituent parts or


objects present in the image is that that we can further analyze each of
these constituents or each of the objects present in the image, once they are
identified or we have some divided them. So, each of these constituents
can be analyzed to extract some information, so that those information are
useful for high level machine vision applications.

 Typically the first step in any automated computer vision application


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Computer Science & Engineering
Image Segmentation

Segmentation algorithms generally are based


on one of two basis properties of intensity
Discontinuity: to partition an image based on abrupt changes in
intensity (such as edges)
• Similarity: to partition an image into regions that are similar
according to a set of predefined criteria.

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Computer Science & Engineering
Image Segmentation

Detection of Discontinuities:
 There are three basic types of gray-level discontinuities:
1. Points
2. Lines
3. Edges
 The common way is to run a mask through the image

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Computer Science & Engineering
Image Segmentation

Detection of Discontinuities:
 The common way is to run a mask through the image
 This procedure involves computing the sum of products of the
coefficients with gray levels contained in the region
encompassed by the mask.
 The response of the mask at any point in
w1 w2 w3
w4 w5 w6
the image is given by:
w7 w8 w9
Where, is the gray level of the pixel
associated with the mask coefficient

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Computer Science & Engineering
Image Segmentation

Point Detection
The only differences that are considered of interest are those large enough
(as determined by T) to be considered isolated points.

 
Non negative
threshold

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Computer Science & Engineering
Image Segmentation

Line Detection
 Horizontal mask will result with max response when a line passed through the
middle row of the mask with a constant background.
background. R1 background.

R1 R2 R3
R4
 The similar idea is used with other masks.
 note: the preferred direction of each mask is weighted with a larger coefficient
(i.e.,2) than other possible directions.

 Apply every masks on the image


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Computer Science & Engineering
Image Segmentation
Line Detection
 let R1, R2, R3, R4 denotes the response of the horizontal, +45 degree,
vertical and -45 degree masks, respectively
 if, at a certain point in the image
|Ri| > |Rj|, for all j≠i,
 that point is said to be more likely associated with a line in the
direction of mask i.
 Alternatively, if we are interested in detecting all lines in an image in
the direction defined by a given mask, we simply run the mask
through the image and threshold the absolute value of the result.
 The points that are left are the strongest responses, which, for lines
one pixel thick, correspond closest to the direction defined by the
mask.
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Computer Science & Engineering
Image Segmentation
Line Detection

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Computer Science & Engineering
Image Segmentation
Edge Detection
 An edge is a set of connected pixels that lie on the boundary
between two regions.
 An edge is a “local” concept whereas a region boundary, owing to
the way it is defined, is a more global idea.
 Segmentation by finding pixels on a region boundary.

 Edges found by looking at neighboring pixels.

 Region boundary formed by measuring gray value differences


between neighboring pixels
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Computer Science & Engineering
Image Segmentation
Edge Detection

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