MICRONUTRIENTS - Vitamins - Complete

Water soluble Vitamins A, B, C, D
To know and understand:

• the functions
• main sources
• effects of deficiency and excess
• related dietary reference values
• Theory Lesson
• Exam Practice
• Kahoot
• To give you knowledge of Micro nutrients and

their function in food products
Challenge: Able to identify sources of micronutrients and functions in body

Aspire: Can identify deficiency of micronutrients
Expert: Can remember all micronutrients and suggest ways of incorporating them into
daily diet
MICRONUTRIENTS
VITAMINS
A
B
C
D
E
VITAMINS
FAT SOLUBLE WATER SOLUBLE
 Found in fat or oily parts  Readily lost during food
of foods preparation
 Limited storage capacity
 Require fat for absorption
 Excess excreted in the urine
 Stored in the body
 B VITAMINS
 VITAMIN A  VITAMIN C
 VITAMIN D
VITAMIN A
FORMS:
1. Retinoids (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid)
2.Carotenoids (beta-carotene)
VITAMIN A: SOURCES
1. RETINOIDS:
Animal foods –
eggs, butter, milk & milk products,
liver, fish, fish oils
Also: added to margarine.

VITAMIN A: SOURCES
2. CAROTENOIDS:
Plant foods –
carrots, dark green leafy vegetables,
broccoli, red peppers, tomatoes,
apricots, peaches, mango
(Converted to retinol for absorption)

VITAMIN A: FUNCTIONS
Stored in the liver
 ‘A’ is for eyesight, especially night
vision
 Growth – regulates normal bone
growth
 Maintains integrity & function of
epithelial cells (Epithelial cells are cells that line the inner and outer surfaces
of the body in continuous sheets)
 Anti-infective,
Antioxidant, supports
immune system
VITAMIN A: DEFICIENCIES
One of the top 3 world-wide major public
health problems
 Sight problems e.g. ‘Night blindness’, Dry

eye, childhood blindness
 Poor functioning of lungs & digestive tract
 Increased risk of infections
 Rough, dry skin; Acne

VITAMIN A: TOXIC EFFECTS
 Veryhigh amounts can cause

poisoning.
 High risk – Polar bears liver!
 Highdoses associated with birth

defects
VITAMIN D: SOURCES
Can be synthesized in the skin from a
pro-vitamin and sunlight.
Pro-vitamins found in:

1. Animal fats
2. Yeast & fungi (source of commercial

vitamin production)
In UK, no synthesis between October &
March.
VITAMIN D: SOURCES
Dietary sources :
 Eggs
 Milk & butter
 Meat, oily fish (fish oil supplements),

liver
 Margarines (fortified – legal
requirement)
 Also added to breakfast cereals, yogurts, baby
foods, bedtime drinks, evaporated milk
VITAMIN D: FUNCTIONS
 Aids absorption and utilisation of

Calcium
 Aids kidney function
 Supports immune system

VITAMIN D: DEFICIENCIES
Bone & growth problems:
 Rickets(in growing children; soft

bones become deformed)
 Osteomalacia (in adults; as above)
Causes muscular weakness & bone pain

VITAMIN D: TOXIC EFFECTS
Unusual, most likely to be caused by

over-consumption of vitamin
supplements
B-complex VITAMINS
B 1 – Thiamine Share functions, often

work together
B 2 – Riboflavin
Cofactors in
B – Niacin
metabolism
3
B – Pyridoxine
Involved in production
6
B – Cobalamin
12
& use of energy
B - Folate
9
Folate & B12 involved in
cell division
B-COMPLEX: Thiamine B 1
 Sources;
Cereals, especially wholegrains (breakfasts & white flour are fortified)
Beans, seeds, nuts

(Also found in pork, liver, milk & milk products)
 Role:
Metabolism of CHO & protein,
alcohol & drugs, Supports nerve
function
 Deficiencies:
Beriberi (in undernourished Asian populations)
Neurological problems (associated with alcoholism)
B-COMPLEX: RIBOFLAVIN B 2
 Sources:
Milk, eggs, yeast, meat (especially liver), tea,
fortified breakfasts, dark green leafy vegetables
 Role:
Many functions including – macro & micronutrient

metabolism, energy release, nutrient
interrelationships.
 Deficiencies:
Mouth – dry, cracked lips, tongue changes

Eyes – itching, burning, light sensitive, sticky
Skin – oily dermatitis
Linked to anaemia
B-COMPLEX: Niacin B 3
 Sources:
Meat (especially liver), cereals, milk & dairy
products, vegetables, coffee, cocoa.
 Role:
Metabolism of CHO, fats, proteins; Vitamin

C, folate, alcohol. Also role in insulin
function
 Deficiencies:
Pellagra - affects skin, intestines, brain

B-COMPLEX: B 6
 Sources:
Liver, wholegrains, red meat & poultry,
peanuts, walnuts, bananas, salmon. Some
in broccoli, spinach, potatoes. Beer.
 Role:
Metabolism of Protein, fat & CHO. Energy

release, hormone regulation
 Deficiencies:
Not specific; linked to anaemia, mouth

problems, nerve/muscle problems
B-COMPLEX - SUMMARY:
 Widely distributed in animal & plant
foods
 Essential for metabolic and cellular
functions
 Increased needs with high intakes of
alcohol, drugs, trauma (eg surgery),
cancer, kidney or liver disease
 Not much stored in body – regular
intakes required.
B-COMPLEX: FOLATE B9
 Sources:
Green leafy vegetables (spinach, Brussels sprouts).
Also in: liver, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower,
parsnips, fortified cereals & bread &whole wheat.
Milk & fruit, (especially oranges). Beer (due to yeast)
 Role:
Crucial for cell division – prevention of neural tube

defects in developing foetus
 Deficiencies:
Anaemia, birth defects (Spina Bifida, brain damage)

Associated with depression, dementia, cardio-vascular
disease
VITAMIN B 12
Stored in the body (liver)

 SOURCES:
Found only in animal foods – Liver. Meat, fish, eggs,
milk and dairy products. Added to Marmite.
(Affected by excess amounts of Vitamin C)
 Role:
Metabolism of some fatty acids & folates

 Deficiencies:
Anaemia, damage to nerves leading to loss of

sensory & motor function
Relies on ‘intrinsic factor’ from the stomach for
absorption
GOOD ‘B’ SOURCE:
1 teaspoon per day…
VITAMIN C: FACTOIDS
 Also known as Ascorbic Acid
 Mostanimals can synthesize it from

glucose (not humans, guinea-pigs)
 Least stable of all vitamins

SOURCES
VITAMIN C: SOURCES
 Fruit and vegetables
VITAMIN C: FUNCTION:
 Enhances iron absorption
 Collagen synthesis
 Supports hormone function
 Release of energy from fatty acids
 Antioxidant
 Supports immune system, and liver

detoxification
 Can relieve cold symptoms (but not
prevent them)
VITAMIN C: DEFICIENCIES
 Scurvy
 Low intakes associated with cancers,

heart disease, cataracts, poor wound
healing
 Smokers have poor Vit. C status

Scurvy
Test Yourself
Kahoot!
https://play.kahoot.it/#/?
quizId=1caad0f6-02d7-47db-83dc-
526bb1a2e88b
Micronutrients - Vitamins

MICRONUTRIENTS - Vitamins - Complete

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MICRONUTRIENTS - Vitamins - Complete

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

MICRONUTRIENTS - Vitamins - Complete

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the main types of vitamins?

What are the main types of vitamins?

How do water soluble and fat soluble vitamins differ in terms of absorption and storage?

How do water soluble and fat soluble vitamins differ in terms of absorption and storage?

Water soluble Vitamins A, B, C, D

To know and understand:

• To give you knowledge of Micro nutrients and

Challenge: Able to identify sources of micronutrients and functions in body

Also: added to margarine.

(Converted to retinol for absorption)

 Sight problems e.g. ‘Night blindness’, Dry

 Increased risk of infections

 Rough, dry skin; Acne

 Veryhigh amounts can cause

 High risk – Polar bears liver!

 Highdoses associated with birth

Pro-vitamins found in:

2. Yeast & fungi (source of commercial

 Milk & butter

 Meat, oily fish (fish oil supplements),

 Aids absorption and utilisation of

 Supports immune system

 Rickets(in growing children; soft

Causes muscular weakness & bone pain

Unusual, most likely to be caused by

B 1 – Thiamine Share functions, often

Beans, seeds, nuts

Many functions including – macro & micronutrient

Mouth – dry, cracked lips, tongue changes

Metabolism of CHO, fats, proteins; Vitamin

Pellagra - affects skin, intestines, brain

Metabolism of Protein, fat & CHO. Energy

Not specific; linked to anaemia, mouth

Crucial for cell division – prevention of neural tube

Anaemia, birth defects (Spina Bifida, brain damage)

Stored in the body (liver)

Metabolism of some fatty acids & folates

Anaemia, damage to nerves leading to loss of

 Also known as Ascorbic Acid

 Mostanimals can synthesize it from

 Least stable of all vitamins

 Supports hormone function

 Release of energy from fatty acids

 Supports immune system, and liver

 Low intakes associated with cancers,

 Smokers have poor Vit. C status

You might also like