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Ns-2 Program Basics: BY DR - CH. Sita Kumari

The document discusses the basics of the NS-2 network simulator program. It explains that NS-2 is a tool that simulates network behavior by allowing users to create network topologies, load events, and analyze events to understand network performance. It describes the steps to create simulation scripts in NS-2, which include creating nodes, links between nodes, agents to carry data traffic, applications to generate traffic, and scheduling events. An example script is provided that demonstrates how to simulate a simple network topology with two nodes connected by a link, UDP traffic generated between them, and running the simulation for 5 seconds.

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37 views30 pages

Ns-2 Program Basics: BY DR - CH. Sita Kumari

The document discusses the basics of the NS-2 network simulator program. It explains that NS-2 is a tool that simulates network behavior by allowing users to create network topologies, load events, and analyze events to understand network performance. It describes the steps to create simulation scripts in NS-2, which include creating nodes, links between nodes, agents to carry data traffic, applications to generate traffic, and scheduling events. An example script is provided that demonstrates how to simulate a simple network topology with two nodes connected by a link, UDP traffic generated between them, and running the simulation for 5 seconds.

Uploaded by

sirisha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NS-2 PROGRAM BASICS

BY
Dr.CH. Sita kumari
Network Simulator(NS-2)
 A package of tools that simulates behaviour of
networks

 Create Network Topologies – Log events that


happen under any load –

 Analyse events to understand the network


behaviour

 Learn fundamentals of evaluating network


performance via simulation
Why Simulation?
 Real-system not available, is complex/costly or
dangerous (eg: space simulations, flight
simulations)

 Quickly evaluate design alternatives (eg: different


system configurations)

 Evaluate complex functions for which closed form


formulas or numerical techniques not available
Creating Topologies
 Topologies are creating either Wired
simulation and wireless simulation in NS-2.
Here, we are going to explain about how to
work with wired simulation.
Wired Simulation in NS2:[Steps to create simulation script in
NS2]

1)Create a simulator object

2) Create trace object t and nam objects

3) Define a finish procedure

4) Create nodes either random or sequential

5) Connect node with another node with


duplex/simplex links
NS-2 program steps cont…
 6) Create agents to carry data either UDP(User
Datagram Protocol) flow or TCP flow

 7) Create an application transfer from one node to


another node either CBR or FTP

 8) Attach the applications to the agents and


scheduling the events

 9)call the finish procedure

 10) Start simulation


NS-2 program steps cont…
 Step1:To create simulator class object:

# create simulator object


Set   ns  [new   Simulator]
NS-2 program steps cont…
Step2: To open the name file and data file to store
the simulation results and data those files.
# open data file to store result and Tracing the
simulation result(Tracefile)
set  f1  [ open  output.out  w]
$ns  trace – all  $f1
 
#Tracing NAM
Set  nf  [open  out. nam  w]
$ns   namtrace – all  $nf
 
NS-2 program steps cont…
Step 3: Define a finish procedure
# Finish procedure to perform operation at the
end of simulation
proc finish { } {

# Mapping of global variable into local variable


global ns f1 nf

# Flush all buffers


$ns flush-trace
 
NS-2 program steps cont…
#close trace file and nam file objects
close $f1
close $nf
 
#Execute nam process in background
exec nam out.nam &

#Terminate current process


exit
NS-2 program steps cont…
Step4:To create Nodes
Case 1:For sequential node creation
set  nodenumber1 [$ns   node]
set  nodenumber2 [$ns   node]
...
set  nodenumbern [$ns   node]

example:
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
$n1 color Red
$n1 shape box
NS-2 program steps cont…
 case 2: If you want to create more number of
Nodes, use looping structure:

 # Create 5 Nodes
for {set  i  0} {  $i < 5 } { incr  i}
{
set  n($i) [$ns   node]
}
NS-2 program steps cont…

Step5: Connect node with another node with


duplex/simplex links
Syntax: $ns simplex-link/duplex-link [node-instance1]
[node-instance2] bandwidth delay Q-Type

# Connect nodes for two-way communication


$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 2Mb 5ms DropTail
$ns simplex-link $n0 $n1 3Mb 2ms DropTail
$ns simplex-link $n1 $n0 2Mb 5ms DropTail
Setting orientation of links in NAM

Syntax : $ns simplex-link-op/duplex-link-op [node-


instance1] [node-instance2] orient [orientation]

$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient left-up 


$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient left-down
Different node positions
NS-2 program steps cont…
Step 6:To create Agents[TCP or UDP]

Syntax:$ [simulator-instance] attach-agent


[node-instance] [agent-instance]

# Create a object of UDP agent and assign it to


variable agnt1

$ set agnt1 [new Agent/UDP]


NS-2 program steps cont…
# To Create TCP agent
set  tcp1 [ new  Agent/TCP ]
$ns  attach – agent  $n1  $tcp1
 
# To Create TCP receiver
set tcp2 [ new  Agent/TCPSink ]
$ns  attach – agent  $n2  $tcp2
NS-2 program steps cont…
 Step 7: To create a application objects

$set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$set ftp [new Application/FTP]

$set tel [new Application/Telnet]


NS-2 program steps cont…
Step 8:To attach FTP Application with Agent and
schedule the Event

# Create a FTP object


$set ftp0 [new Application/FTP] 

# Attach ftp application with agent tcp0


$ftp attach-agent $tcp0
NS-2 program steps cont…
# Schedule events

$ns at 0.2 "$ftp start" // FTP start at 0.2 ms


$ns at 2.0 "$ftp stop“ //FTP stop at 2.0 ms

 Step 7:calling finish function :

 $ns  at  2.3   “finish”

 Step 8. Start Simulation


 $ns run
A simple Example – Creating the
topology
Example cont…

#create a new simulator object


set ns [new Simulator]
#open the nam trace file
set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
#define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
#close the trace file
close $nf
#execute nam on the trace file
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
Example cont…
#create two nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]

#create a duplex link between the nodes


$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail

#create a udp agent and attach it to node n0


set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
Example cont…
#Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to
udp0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr0 set interval_ 0.005
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0

#create a Null agent(a traffic sink) and attach it


to node n1
set null0 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $null0
Example cont…
#Connect the traffic source to the sink
$ns connect $udp0 $null0

#Schedule events for CBR traffic


$ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"
$ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop"

#call the finish procedure after 5 secs of simulated time


$ns at 5.0 "finish"

#run the simulation


$ns run
Simulation Environment
Trace file fields
Trace file fields cont…
References

 https
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAjYDHpVplg

 https
://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/tutorial/nsscript1.
html

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