Scribd
Upload
252 views54 pages

Waves Sound Light PowerPoint

Waves can interact with matter and space in several key ways: 1. Reflection occurs when a wave bounces off a surface at the same angle as it hit. 2. Refraction happens as a wave's speed changes when passing from one medium to another, causing its path to bend. 3. Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings. 4. Interference results from the addition or subtraction of crests and troughs when two waves meet. 5. Absorption dampens a wave's energy as its transfers to the material it encounters.

Uploaded by

Ronel Decastro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
252 views54 pages

Waves Sound Light PowerPoint

Waves can interact with matter and space in several key ways: 1. Reflection occurs when a wave bounces off a surface at the same angle as it hit. 2. Refraction happens as a wave's speed changes when passing from one medium to another, causing its path to bend. 3. Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings. 4. Interference results from the addition or subtraction of crests and troughs when two waves meet. 5. Absorption dampens a wave's energy as its transfers to the material it encounters.

Uploaded by

Ronel Decastro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 54

A.

Waves
➢Waves
• rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through
matter or space
➢Medium
• material through which a wave transfers energy
• solid, liquid, gas, or combination
• electromagnetic waves don’t need a medium
(e.g. visible light)
Parts of a Wave
• The crest is the highest point
on a wave.
Trough
• Valley between two waves, is
the lowest point.
Wavelength (λ)
• The horizontal distance, either
between the crests or troughs
of two consecutive waves.
Wave Height
• A vertical distance between a
wave's crest and the next
trough.
Amplitude
• - The peak (greatest) value (either
positive or negative) of a wave.
• The distance from the equalibrium
(rest point) to the trough or crest.
Energy
• In mechanical waves energy is directly
proportional to the square of the amplitude.
• In electromagnetic waves, energy is carried in
photons (little packets of energy)
• Energy in electromagnetic wave is proportional
to the waves frequency.
Frequency (f )
• Is the number of complete waves or cycles of
oscillation in a given period of time
• Measured is hertz
• Period- is the time it takes to complete one full
cycle.
• Measured in seconds
Wave Speed
• A measure of how fast a wave is moving.
• For mechanical waves it depends on the
state of matter
Waves
• 2 types of waves
– Mechanical
• Use matter to transfer energy through a medium
– Electromagnetic
• Do not need matter to transfer energy
B. Waves & Energy
➢Waves ➢Energy
• Carry energy • Waves carry energy
• Waves are caused by • Vibration is a transfer
vibrations of energy
• Can do work • As waves carry energy
• Move objects the particles in the
medium move
• the direction of the
motion determines the
type of wave
C. Categories of Waves
➢Mechanical Waves ➢Electromagnetic
• Must travel through a Waves
medium • Does not require a medium
• Cannot travel through a • Can be transferred through a
vacuum vacuum
• Examples: sound, ocean • Examples: light, UV rays,
waves Visible light
Mechanical Waves
• Waves that REQUIRE a medium for the
energy to travel

Examples: water waves, sound waves,


energy moving through a slinky. What
else?
Mechanical Waves
• Use matter (Medium)
to transfer energy.
• The energy is
transferred from
particle to particle.
• SOUND IS A
MECHANICLE WAVE
There Are Two Basic Types of
Mechanical Waves.
Transverse Waves
• The energy traveling
through the wave causes
the particles to move at a
right angle to the direction
of the energy.
• This is what we usually
draw when representing
waves.
• Ripples on a pond are an
example of these.
The Second type of Mechanical
Wave
Compressional Waves
or Longitudinal
• In this type the
particles move in the
same direction as the
energy.
• Sound is a
Compressional Wave
or Longitudinal wave
Transverse Waves
• Crest – very top of wave
• Trough – very bottom of wave
• Amplitude – Distance between resting position and
crest/trough
• Wavelength – Distance from the top of one crest to the
next crest
• Frequency – Number of wavelengths to pass by a given
point in 1 second
– 2.5 in picture at right
Transverse Wave Examples
Transverse Waves (cont.)

• Frequency and Pitch


– As frequency increases pitch gets higher
– As frequency decreases pitch gets lower
Transverse Waves (cont.)
• Frequency and Wavelength
– As frequency increases wavelength decreases
– As frequency decreases wavelength increases
Compressional Waves
• Medium travels slightly
back and forth in the
same direction as the
energy is moving
Electromagnetic Waves
• These waves do not
need matter to travel
• Difference between
the different waves is
wavelength
• EM spectrum
illustrates the
differences
Electromagnetic Waves (cont.)
• Radio – listen to your
favorite station
• Microwaves – call your
friends
• Infrared – night vision
• Visible – you can see this
presentation
• Ultraviolet – tanning
• X-ray – see broken bones
• Gamma – kill cancerous
cells
Sound
• Sound is a mechanical wave (requires a
medium to travel) and a compressional
wave (molecules colliding)

• The medium sound travels through are


molecules when they collide
Sound

• Sound is produced when an object vibrates.


• When an object vibrates it exerts a force on the
surrounding air
• Loudness of a sound is recorded in decibels
• As a sound gets louder, the amplitude of the wave
increases
Sound
• The moving air mass
carries the sound of the
vibration to your ear.
• The air is the MEDIA that
it travels through.
• Medium is what the wave
travels through (ex. solid,
liquid, gas)
• NO MEDIUM NO
SOUND!!!!
The Echo
• An echo is when a sound wave hits a hard
surface and bounces back, causing you to
hear the sound a second time

• Sonar uses echoes. It is a measure of


how long it takes the echo to return to the
source of the sound. Sonar can tell you
how far an object is from you.
Speed of Sound
• Sound travels at
different speeds
through different
medium
• The more dense a
material the faster
sound travels
– 346 m/s in warm air
– 500 m/s in aluminum
– 3,240 m/s in gold
Speed of Sound
• Sound travels better through high-density
materials
– The closer the molecules are together, the faster they
can collide and transfer energy
What is Light?
• It is a transverse wave that carries energy
• It is a small part of the ElectroMagnetic
Spectrum
• Because it is part of the electromagnetic
spectrum, it can travel through a vacuum
(space)
How do you see the things around
you?
Without light, there is no sight!
Light REFLECTS off of objects.
How we see
• When light strikes an object the light
bounces off of the object and then into our
eye.
• For example, the light from the this
projector hits the screen and then is
reflected to your eye.
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Opaque, Translucent, Transparent
• Objects that do not let light pass through
them are opaque. Ex. Walls, your desk,
the science book
• Objects that let light pass clearly through
them are transparent. Ex. Windows,
plastic wrap, eye glass lenses
• Objects that let only some light pass
through are translucent. Ex. waxed paper,
frosted glass
COLORS

• The suns light might appear white, but it is


a mixture of colors.
• White light is produced when you mix the
colors of the rainbow together.
Light Color Mixing
• The primary colors of light are RED, BLUE
and GREEN
So why do we see different colors?

• When white light hits an object some of it


may be absorbed by the object while the
rest of the light is reflected. The colors we
see are the reflected colors.
Five Important Properties
of Waves
1.Reflection
2.Refraction
3.Diffraction
4.Interference
5. Absorption
When a wave hits a reflecting
1. Reflection: surface, it is reflected outwards
at the same angle as it came in.
1. Reflection
Mirror

Incident light
beam

Reflected light
beam
1. Reflection
2. Refraction: Waves bend when they go from
one medium to another (like
from air into water or glass)
2. Refraction
2. Refraction:
2. Refraction Different wavelengths bend at
different angles, which is what
makes a prism able to separate
white light into all its colors

Refracted
Air
Colors

White
Light Glass Prism
2. Refraction
2. Refraction Refraction is also what makes
lenses work. Light bends when
it goes from air to glass.

Air

Incoming
Focused
light
light

Lens
3. Diffraction Light bends when it goes
around around obstacles and
through openings
When two waves run into
4. Interference one another, they add if
crests overlap, and subtract
if troughs overlap
5. Absorption When waves are absorbed by
material, depending on the material
depends on the amount of
absorption.

You might also like