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Digital Representation: Mensuration and Calculation

1) Digital information is represented and stored in computers using binary digits called bits, with each bit having a value of 1 or 0. 2) The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) uses binary codes to represent letters, numbers, and other characters with strings of bits. 3) To convert a decimal number to binary, repeatedly divide the number by 2 and record the remainders from bottom to top to get the binary equivalent. This summarizes the key points about how digital information is represented using binary digits in computers and how to convert decimal numbers to binary representations.

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Julius E. Catipon
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62 views12 pages

Digital Representation: Mensuration and Calculation

1) Digital information is represented and stored in computers using binary digits called bits, with each bit having a value of 1 or 0. 2) The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) uses binary codes to represent letters, numbers, and other characters with strings of bits. 3) To convert a decimal number to binary, repeatedly divide the number by 2 and record the remainders from bottom to top to get the binary equivalent. This summarizes the key points about how digital information is represented using binary digits in computers and how to convert decimal numbers to binary representations.

Uploaded by

Julius E. Catipon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIGITAL REPRESENTATION

MENSURATION AND CALCULATION


• Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a
digital binary format. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary
digit and represents the smallest piece of data. Humans interpret
words and pictures; computers interpret only patterns of bits.
• A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero
digit (0). A bit can be used to represent the state of something that
has two states. For example, a light switch can be either On or
Off; in binary representation, these states would correspond to 1
and 0, respectively.
• Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters,
numbers and special characters with bits. A commonly used code
is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII). With ASCII, each character is represented by a string of
bits. For
example:
Capital letter: A = 01000001
Number: 9 = 00001001
Special character: # = 00100011
• Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and
numbers, is known as a byte. Codes can be used to represent
almost any type of information digitally: computer data, graphics,
CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY

• To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is


divide the number by 2. Get the quotient and the remainder. Bring
down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and
remainder again. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0.
Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary
equivalent.
Example: 25
Quotient Remainder
25/2 12 1
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
½ 0 1
25 = 11001
Checking: 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
16 8 0 0 1 results
16+8+1 = 25
CALCULATING DATA STORAGE

• While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic


unit of digital storage is the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the
smallest unit of measure (UOM) used to represent data storage
capacity.
• When referring to storage space, we use the terms bytes (B),
kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes
(TB).
• One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes,
specifically 1,024. A megabyte represents more than a
million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824
bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776. The exact number
is gained by taking 2^n power.
• In general, when something is represented digitally, the greater the
detail, the greater the number of bits needed to represent it. A low-
resolution picture from a digital camera will use around 360KB,
and a high-resolution picture could use 2 MB or more.
• Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used
to measure the size or storage capacity of a device. Examples of
components and devices that use byte storage include: random
access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and
MP3 players.
• CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB. DVDs have a
data storage capacity of approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc, and
approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc. BDs have a storage capacity of
25 GB on a single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc.
• Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the
number of bytes being used. For example:
A file is 20 KB in size
1 KB = 1,024 Bytes
20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file
• If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space);
then approximately a total of 51 files can be stored in that folder (1,048,576 /
20,480 = 51.2).
Direction: Convert the decimal numbers shown below to binary. Perform checking to verify
answers.
1) 19
2) 28
3) 37
4) 125
5) 237
Direction: Solve the problems indicated below. Show your solution.
1. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored on a 2 MB folder in your hard drive?
2. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 1 GB flash drive?
3. How many 750 MB avi files can be stored on a 4.3 GB DVD-R?
4. How many 7 MB files can be stored in 32 GB memory card?
5. How many 12 KB file can be stored in a 128 GB internal storage?

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