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Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is unwanted sound that can negatively impact human health and quality of life. It comes in two main types - mass residuals that remain in the environment for long periods, and energy residuals like heat. Noise of sufficient intensity and duration can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. It is difficult to regulate because its effects are often subtle and its source may not be obvious. Sound is characterized by properties like wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and decibels are used to measure sound pressure levels. Different types of noise include steady state, impulse, and those characterized by A or B wave patterns.

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106 views17 pages

Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is unwanted sound that can negatively impact human health and quality of life. It comes in two main types - mass residuals that remain in the environment for long periods, and energy residuals like heat. Noise of sufficient intensity and duration can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. It is difficult to regulate because its effects are often subtle and its source may not be obvious. Sound is characterized by properties like wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and decibels are used to measure sound pressure levels. Different types of noise include steady state, impulse, and those characterized by A or B wave patterns.

Uploaded by

melannie adante
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NOISE POLLUTION

INTRODUCTION
NOISE
-unwanted sound
-environmental phenomenon to which we are
exposed before birth and throughout life.
-environmental pollutant, a waste product
generated in conjunction with various
anthropogenic activities.
-sound---independent of loudness—that can
produce an undesired physiological or psychological
effect in an individual and that may interfere with
the social ends of an individual or group.
Two General Types of Pollution
The MASS RESIDUALS associated with air
and water pollution that remain in the
environment for extended periods of time.
The ENERGY RESIDUALS such as waste heat
from manufacturing processes that creates
thermal pollution of our streams.

Noise of sufficient intensity and duration


can induce temporary or permanent hearing
loss, ranging from slight impairment to nearly
total deafness. Exposure persist over a
period of time, this can lead to permanent
hearing impairment.
VALID REASONS why widespread recognition of noise
as a significant environment pollutant and potential hazards
or, as a minimum, a detractor from the quality of time.

In the FIRST place, noise, if defined as unwanted sound,


is a subjective experience.

SECONDLY, noise has a short decay of time and thus not


remain in the environment for extended periods, as do air
and water pollution.

THIRDLY, the physiological and psychological effects of


noise on us are often subtle and insidious, appearing so
gradually that it becomes difficult to associate cause and
effect.
 
PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES
Sound waves result from the vibration of
solid objects or the separation of fluids as
they pass over, around, or through holes of
solid objects.
The compression of the air molecules causes a local increase in
air density and pressure. Conversely, the rarefaction causes a local
decrease in density and pressure. These alternating pressure
changes are the sound detected by the human ear.

SPEED OF SOUND (c)


It is the constant speed if the piston vibrates at a constant
rate, the condensations and rarefactions will move down the tube.

SINUSOIDAL
The rise and fall of pressure at point A will follow a cyclic wave
pattern over a period of time.

PERIOD (P)
The time between successive peaks or between successive
troughs of the oscillation.

FREQUENCY (f)
The number of times a peak arrives in one second of oscillations.
RELATION OF PERIOD AND FREQUENCY

WAVELENGTH (λ)
The distance between adjacent crest or
troughs of pressure

RELATION OF WAVELENGTH AND


FREQUENCY
AMPLITUDE (A)
Height of the peak or depth of trough
measured from the zero pressure line.
 
ROOT MEAN SQUARE (rms)
It is obtained by squaring the value of
the amplitude at each instant time; summing
the squared values; dividing the total by
the averaging time; and taking the square
root of the total.
 
 
SOUND POWER AND INTENSITY

WORK
Is defined as the product of the magnitude of
the displacement of a body and the component of
force in the direction of the displacement.

SOUND POWER (W)


Travelling waves of sound pressure transmit
energy in the direction of propagation of the wave.

SOUND INTENSITY (I)


Time-weighted average sound power per unit area
normal to the direction of propagation of the sound
power.
RELATION OF INTENSITY AND POWER

INTENSITY, AND SOUND POWER IS


RELATED TO SOUND PRESSURE

Where,
I = intensity, W/m2
= root mean square sound pressure, Pa
= density of medium, kg/m
LEVEL AND THE DECIBEL
LEVEL is the measurements on the scale
that based on the logarithm of the ratios of
the measured quantities are used. The unit
for these types of measurement is bel.

DECIBEL is a bel turns out to be a rather


large unit, so for convenience it is divided into
10 subunits.
SOUND POWER LEVEL

SOUND INTENSITY LEVEL

SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL

Or,
COMBINING SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS
REMEMBER: adding the logarithms of numbers is the same as
multiplying them. Results should be reported to the nearest whole
number. When there are several levels to be combined, they should
be combined two at a time, starting with lower-valued levels and
continuing two at a time with each successive pair until one number
remains.

  CHARACTERIZATION OF NOISE

WIEGHTING NETWORKS
It is used to account for the frequency of a sound. They are
electronic filtering circuits built into a meter to attenuate certain
frequencies. They permit the sound level meter to respond more to
some frequencies than to others with prejudice something like that
of the human ear.
 
OCTAVE BANDS
A noise can be characterised by breaking down into a frequent
components called spectra. An octave bond is the frequency interval
AVERAGING SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS

= average sound pressure level, dB re: 20 µPa


N = number of measurements
Lj = the jth sound pressure level, dB re: 20 µPa
j = 1, 2, 3 . . . .
TYPES OF SOUNDS
Patterns of noise may be qualitatively described by the
one of the following terms:

Steady-state or continuous
-is an uninterrupted sound level that varies less than 5dB
during the period of observation.

Impulse or impact
-is characterized by a change of sound pressure of 40 dB
or more within 0.5 second with a duration of less than one
second. There are two types of impulse noise:

Type A - characterized by a rapid rise to peak sound


pressure level followed by a small negative pressure wave or
by decay to the background level.

Type B – characterized by a damped decay.

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