1) Column buckling occurs when a long slender structural member is loaded in compression and deflects laterally rather than axially.
2) Euler's formula can be used to calculate the critical buckling load (Pcr) of a simply supported column with pinned ends. It depends on the column's effective length, moment of inertia, and area.
3) The slenderness ratio, which is the effective length divided by the radius of gyration, determines whether a column will fail due to buckling or material compression. A ratio greater than 100 generally indicates buckling failure.
1) Column buckling occurs when a long slender structural member is loaded in compression and deflects laterally rather than axially.
2) Euler's formula can be used to calculate the critical buckling load (Pcr) of a simply supported column with pinned ends. It depends on the column's effective length, moment of inertia, and area.
3) The slenderness ratio, which is the effective length divided by the radius of gyration, determines whether a column will fail due to buckling or material compression. A ratio greater than 100 generally indicates buckling failure.
1) Column buckling occurs when a long slender structural member is loaded in compression and deflects laterally rather than axially.
2) Euler's formula can be used to calculate the critical buckling load (Pcr) of a simply supported column with pinned ends. It depends on the column's effective length, moment of inertia, and area.
3) The slenderness ratio, which is the effective length divided by the radius of gyration, determines whether a column will fail due to buckling or material compression. A ratio greater than 100 generally indicates buckling failure.
1) Column buckling occurs when a long slender structural member is loaded in compression and deflects laterally rather than axially.
2) Euler's formula can be used to calculate the critical buckling load (Pcr) of a simply supported column with pinned ends. It depends on the column's effective length, moment of inertia, and area.
3) The slenderness ratio, which is the effective length divided by the radius of gyration, determines whether a column will fail due to buckling or material compression. A ratio greater than 100 generally indicates buckling failure.
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Column Buckling
(Centric Loaded) Dr. Sardar Kashif Ur Rehman Assistant Professor Civil Engineering Department COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus. Introduction • In addition to understanding stress and material failure due to tension and compression, buckling needs to be investigated. • While buckling can occur in plates and shells, column buckling is most common and easiest understood. • If an object buckles, it does not necessarily mean it has failed, but a buckled structure will experience significant lateral deflection. • Furthermore, a buckled column structure will not sustain any significant additional load • Column buckling is not an exact science, and many issues can cause pre-mature buckling, such as misaligned loads, material imperfections, and varying structural dimensions. • However, for even perfect systems, buckling will be significantly lower than the crushing or compression limit of the material. • When any long slender object is loaded in the axial direction, it will buckle when the load reaches a particular load. • This load, called the critical load, Pcr • Pcr, is when the object will deflect significantly in the lateral direction (perpendicular to the load). • After buckling starts, the structure will not be able to sustain any additional loads. • For an ideal column, buckling will not occur until Pcr has been reached. Thus the column will have no lateral deflection up to Pcr, and then all at one time, the member will deflect. This is plotted in the diagram at the left. • The beam's internal resistance to bending keeps the beam from buckling. However, at some point, the potential moment generated by the axial load will be greater than the internal resisting moment, and the column will buckle. • For columns, it is generally assumed that if buckling occurs, the structure has failed. Thus, a column structure should be designed not to buckle. Euler's Formula for Simply Supported Column (pinned-pinned) • The theoretical buckling load, Pcr, for a basic column can be determined and the resulting equation(s) are called Euler's formula. • The simplest column to develop the buckling equations is when both ends are simply supported by a pin joint (also called a pinned- pinned column). • This means that it can not deflect at the joint, but it can rotate as shown in the diagram at the left. • If the column is loaded and starts to deflect laterally, then the moment in the column must equal the moment cased by the load P at each end. • This condition can be better understood by taking a section cut at any point along the column and constructing a free-body diagram. • Summing the moments at any point along the lower column section gives, • ΣM = 0 • M + Pv = 0 • The distance v is the lateral deflection at the cut location, x, from the bottom pin joint. • If the column is rotated 90o, it becomes a simply supported beam. As such, the beam bending equations are still valid and can be used. • the moment is related to the deflection as
• Combining the two previous equations gives
M + Pv = 0
• This is a standard differential equation
which has a general solution of • where C1 and C2 are unknown constants that depend on the boundary conditions of the differential equation. • v= 0 ; x=0 ; sin 0 = 0 ; cos 0 = 1 => 0 = 0 +C2 (1) = C2 =0 • V=0 ; x= L
• Since C1 cannot be zero ; the sine function must be equal to zero which requires,
• The lowest load is when n equals 1, and is referred to as the critical load Pcr. Euler's formula for a pinned-pinned column is Sine Function Curve • Y = sin (π)
• Y = sin (2π)
• Y= sin (3π) For L we use L effective Effective Length and Pcr Slenderness Ratio (L/r) • Radius of Gyration = r2 = (I/A) • I = r2 * A • This function is only accurate in predicting buckling for slender columns. • A slenderness ratio of 100 or greater will generally fail due to buckling. • For columns with a slenderness ratio less than 100, the material may fail in compression • The yield stress must be check in addition to buckling. Buckling Direction • Simply supported columns (pinned at each end) will buckle around the axis with the lowest moment of inertia. • For example, for a rectangular cross sectional column, as shown at the left, • The column will buckle around the z-axis since Iz will be less than Iy. • If it is an unsymmetric cross section, then it may not be obvious and may even buckle at a particular angle between the y- and z-axis.
