Unit 1 - Introduction To J2EE

JBoss Server System Administration
Introduction to J2EE (JBoss)

Distributed Architectures and
JBoss AS
At the end of this module you will be able

• explain the motivation behind distributed
systems
• list the major components of the J2EE
specification
• know the terminology used throughout the
course describe a high level view of the JBoss
architecture
Road Map
1. J2EE Technologies
– basic concepts of distributed systems
– J2EE standardizes distributed systems
– major technologies of the J2EE specification
2. Web and JBoss Server Terms
3. JBoss Server Architecture
Distributed Systems
• Distributed systems divide the work amongst

several independent modules.
• Failure of a single module has less impact on
the overall system which makes them more:
– available
– scalable
– maintainable
Distributed system are

Monolithic system are
small, agile, and quick
big, slow, and inadaptable.
to adapt to changes.
High Availability
• Availability is a measure of a system’s ability to

be actively processing client requests.
• High availability requires that a system is up
and running as close to 24x7x365 as possible.
• High availability is achieved using load
balancing and failover techniques.
• 24/7/365 availability is needed by applications
such as ATM Banking, stock & commodities
trading, industrial and e-commerce.
Scalability
• Scalability is the ability to grow a system to

handle a growing work load (requests).
• A single machine can only do a finite amount of
work.
• When business grows beyond the capability of a
single machine, a system that spans multiple
machines is needed.
Maintainability
• Maintainability:
– is a measure of how easily a system can be upgraded,
debugged, or maintained
– has a direct impact on how fast a system can
change/adapt to constantly changing requirements
• The solution includes:
– keeping business logic in modular, reusable units
– removing explicit access to infrastructure services
from the user interface (e.g. database access,
transaction demarcation, security)
How Standards Help
• Many of the advantages of distributed systems

come from standards.
• Standards:
– provide separation of difficult problems to
separate platforms allow modularization of
complex hardware and software
– allow a larger portion of project costs to go
toward solving business software needs
The J2EE Approach
• Java Platform 2 Enterprise Edition [J2EE] helps

to overcome distribution liabilities.
• Applications deployed with J2EE technologies
are:
– standardized
– adherent to specification guidelines
– written in Java
– deployable in any compliant application
server or Web server
The J2EE Architecture
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
• JDBC is:
– a standard Java interface for accessing
heterogeneous databases
– a specification that defines four different
driver types for connecting to databases
Java Naming & Directory Interface (JNDI)
• JNDI is:
– a Java API for
accessing naming
and directory
servers
– built as a layer over
DNS, LDAP, etc.
Java Servlets
• Servlets provide a
request/response service.
• HTTP Servlets:
– are Servlets that can be
invoked by
HTTPcommands
– are deployed on Web
servers
– look like Web pages to
client browsers
– can store client data in a
local session
Java Server Pages (JSPs)
• JSPs are text-based documents that create

dynamic Web pages based on a client request.
• A JSP contains:
– text-based templates containing presentation
formats
– dynamic actions contained in directives and
scriptlets
Java Transaction API (JTA)
• JTA is a standard Java API for demarcating

transactions within a program.
• JBoss supports local and distributed
transactions.
Java Message Service (JMS)
• JMS is a Java API for

accessing message oriented
middleware.
• The interface supports:
– the Point-To-Point domain
– the Publish/Subscribe
domain
– guaranteed message
delivery
– transactional sessions
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs)
• EJBs are distributed components written in the

Java programming language.
• EJBs:
– provide distributable and deployable
business services (logic) to clients
– have well-defined interfaces
– are reusable across application servers
– execute within a container that provides
management and control services
• JBoss supports the EJB 1.1 and EJB2.0
specifications.
Java Authentication and Authorization
• Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) is a

Java-based security management framework.
• JAAS supports:
– single sign-on
– a Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM)
• JAAS enables flexible control over authorization whether
it is based on:
– users
– groups
– roles
Java Management Extensions (JMX)
• The Java Management Extensions (JMX):

– defines a standard infrastructure to manage a
device from Java programs
– decouples the managed device from the
management tools
• The specification describes MBeans, which are
the building blocks of JMX.
Web Services
• Web Services:
– are server-side services
– are accessible over the Web using well-known
protocols
– are described using XML
– interact via XML
– locatable via a registry
– completely cross platform
and loosely coupled
Section Review
• In this section we discussed:

– the benefits of distributed systems
– the J2EE architecture
– many of the J2EE technologies
Road Map
– terminology
– components of a JBoss Server domain
Web Client
• A Web client:
– is usually a browser
– interacts with JBoss via
HTTP (using
Servlets/JSPs)
– displays HTML or XML
from Web servers
– may run applets or
JavaScript
– has varying levels of user-
configurable security
Application Client
• Application clients:
– are clients that do not
execute within a browser
– can communicate through
JRMP, IIOP, TCP/IP, or any
other technology
Web Server
• Web servers:
– provide Web content
– communicate via
HTTP, FTP, etc
– can handle CGI
requests
– proxy some requests
to Application
Servers
Application Server
• Application servers:
– provide services that
support the execution
and availability of
deployed applications
– handle heavier
processing chores than
Web servers
Proxy Server
• A proxy server:
– forwards requests to
other machines
– can be used as a level
of indirection and
security
– can be used to load
balance a system
Firewall
• Firewalls:
– provide filtering,
authorization, and
authentication services
– help keep out hackers
– map port requests
– can act as proxy
servers
– can decrease back end
network activity
A Web App Server Configuration
An Application Server Configuration
Server Node
• A Server Node is a Java Program within a Java

Virtual Machine (JVM).
• A server:
– can be associated with at most one JBoss
machine
– has a dedicated amount of RAM
– is multithreaded
Machines
• Machines:
– represent the physical piece of hardware
that a server resides on
– can be of Unix or non-Unix type
Server
• Server is an administrative unit or boundary.

• Provides a single point of administration
• A partition can separate:
– Development test an production applications
– Organizational divisions
Clustering
• Clusters can group

machines and servers as if
they were a single
instance.
• Clusters are used for fault
tolerance, load balancing
and high availability.
• Is transparent
to a client
Partition
• A Partition is a group of Server Nodes within

same Server
• Provides a single point of administration
Section Review
• In this section we discussed:

– terms used to discuss Web architectures
– terms used to describe JBoss Server features
Road Map
Just the Big Picture
Logic View
JMX Microkernel - Overview
JMX Microkernel - Overview
JMX Microkernel – HTTP Console

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JBoss Server System Administration

Introduction to J2EE (JBoss)

At the end of this module you will be able

• Distributed systems divide the work amongst

Distributed system are

• Availability is a measure of a system’s ability to

• Scalability is the ability to grow a system to

• Many of the advantages of distributed systems

• Java Platform 2 Enterprise Edition [J2EE] helps

• JSPs are text-based documents that create

• JTA is a standard Java API for demarcating

• JMS is a Java API for

• EJBs are distributed components written in the

• Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) is a

• The Java Management Extensions (JMX):

• In this section we discussed:

• A Server Node is a Java Program within a Java

• Server is an administrative unit or boundary.

• Clusters can group

• A Partition is a group of Server Nodes within

• In this section we discussed:

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