GENERATOR PROTECTION
400kV 765kV
Export
Anpara ‘B’ 400kV Switchyard 765kV Switchyard to
Switchyard
Unnao
ICT
3 x 333.3 MVA
ST-1
80 MVA
11.5 kV
11.5 kV
765/√3 kV
11kV Switchgear 11kV Switchgear
(1SA)
GT (1SA)
3 x 240 MVA
22kV
UT-A UT-A
35 MVA 35 MVA
22kV
11.5kV 22kV 22kV 11.5kV
11kV Switchgear 11kV Switchgear
(1UA) (1UB)
Generator
600 MW
G
11kV 22kV Ex. Tr. 11kV
UAT-A UAT-B
16 MVA 16 MVA 16 MVA
3.6kV 900V 3.6kV
3.3kV Switchgear AVR 3.3kV Switchgear
(1UAA) (1UAA)
Generating Transformer 765 KV Switchyard
LAVT Excitation Transformer AVR
External DC
Supply for fiel
Flashing
Field (Slip Ring) Field Breaker
Generator
GENERATOR TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Type QFSN-600-2-22F
Rated output 600MW (706)
Maximum continuous output 640MW
Rated voltage 22KV
Rated current 18.525KA
Rated power factor 0.85 lagging
Rated frequency 50Hz
Rated speed 3000r/min
Number of phases 3
Stator winding connection YY
Number of terminal 6
Insulation class F (temp. limited in B class)
Cooling mode H2O-H2-H2
Rated H2 pressure 0.45Mpa (g)
Excitation type Static Thyristor Excitation
Short circuit ratio ≥0.5
Efficiency ≥98.8%
TRIP LOGIC OF GENERATOR PROTECTION
CLASS – A Tripping
Generator Differential Protection 87 G
Generator Stator Earth Fault (95 %) 64 G1
Generator Reverse Power Protection 32 R-2
Generator low Forward power protection 32F
Generator Low impedance protection 21G-1
Generator Over Voltage protection (U>>) 59 G2
Generator over Excitation protection (U/f>>) 24-2
Generator loss of Excitation protection 40-2
Generator Negative Sequence (Unbalance load ) • All electrical trip.
Protection (I2>> Trip)
46-2 • Issues instantaneous Trip to
Generator pole Slipping protection 99-2 a. Turbine
Generator Dead machine protection 50/27 b. Excitation
Generator Stator earth fault Protection (100 %) 65 G2-2 c. Generator EHV CBs
Generator Interturn Protection 59 N d. UT LV CBs
Ex.Tr. Over current Protection (I>> Stage OPTD) 50-2
CLASS – B Tripping
• Turbine Trip.
• Issues instantaneous Trip to
Turbine Steam Valve closed/ETS trip from DDCMIS a. Excitation
b. Generator EHV CBs
c. UT LV CBs
CLASS – C Tripping
Electrical Fault on Transmission line and out zone • Trips HV CB only
of Switchyard
Sequential Trip
Under Frequency< 47.5 Hz 81 U1
Over Frequency > 51.33 Hz 81 O1
Generator Over load protection (θ>>Trip) 49-2 •
Cooling Water Loss Contact (BI1)
E.Tr.Overload Protection (θ>> Trip) 49-2
GENERATOR GROUNDING
Low Impedance Grounding
Single phase to ground fault current between 200A and 150%.
High Impedance Grounding
Single phase to ground fault current between 5 and 20A
Generator Protection
GENERATOR STATOR PHASE FAULT
PROTECTION (87G)
CAUSES:
• 3 phase line to line
• 1 phase line to line
• multi-phase line to ground
EFFECT
• Heavy insulation damage of Stator Winding.
Generator Differential Protection
STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
CAUSE:-
• Short circuit between winding
• Core,
• Inter turn Short Circuit
• Mech. Or thermal damage to winding Insulation.
EFFECT:-
• Further Insulation damage.
TYPE :-
• 95 % Stator Earth Fault.
• 100 % Stator Earth Fault ( By low Frequency
Voltage in Neutral side).
ROTOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
CAUSES:-
• Short Circuit of Rotor field winding to rotor Core by
insulation failure.
EFFECTS:-
• First rotor E/F does not cause immediate damage
• Second E/F results in short circuit of rotor winding.
• Causes magnetic unbalance/mechanical forces
Method:-
Low frequency injection method
• Modern rotor earth fault protection relay operates
on the
principle of low frequency injection into the field
winding via capacitors.
• Corresponding current or resistance during E/F is
sensed
GENERATOR TURN TO TURN PROTECTION
CAUSES:-
• Failure of Insulation between split phases.
Effects:-
• It can cause unbalance of current.
• Damage of Stator winding.
• Causes magnetic unbalance/mechanical forces.
Method:-
• By Current Measurement of phases by putting CT in
individual split phases.
• By Measurement of Voltage from Open Delta PT.
Note;-
Turn to turn is only used in large rating of Generator
carrying heavy current with split phases.
Voltage Based
NEGATIVE SEQUANCE (UNBALANCE CURRENT)
PROTECTION
CAUSES:-
• One pole open in line
• Unbalanced loads
• Unbalanced system faults
EFFECT:-
• Induces double frequency rotor current in the rotor
surface thereby leading to high and dangerous
temperatures in a short span of time.
• Rotor temperature rise proportion to I22t
