Credit and Inventory Management
Credit and Inventory Management
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 21 – Index of Sample
Problems
• Slide # 02 - 03 Accounts receivable
• Slide # 04 - 06 Discount terms
• Slide # 07 - 09 Credit policy switch
• Slide # 10 - 11 Switch break-even point
• Slide # 12 - 13 One-time sale
• Slide # 14 - 15 Repeat sale
• Slide # 16 - 21 Economic order quantity (EOQ)
• Slide # 22 - 25 One-shot approach
• Slide # 26 - 27 Accounts receivable approach
• Slide # 28 - 30 Discounts and default risk
2: Accounts receivable
Over the past five years, your firm has had average daily sales of
$26,780. The average collection period is 34 days.
Today, June 10, you purchased $5,000 worth of materials from one
of your suppliers. The terms of the sale are 3/15, net 45.
Days in period 45 - 15 30
365
Periods per year 12.1667
30
.03 $5,000
Interest rate for 30 days
(1 - .03) $5,000
$150
$4,850
.03093
Currently, your firm has a cash only policy. Under this policy, your
monthly sales are 70 units at a selling price of $50 a unit. The variable cost
is $34 a unit. You are trying to decide if you want to change your credit
policy to net 30. You estimate that if you switch your credit policy that
your monthly sales will increase to 90 units. The applicable monthly
interest rate is .5%.
What is the incremental cash inflow from the proposed switch in your
credit policy?
(P v)(Q'Q)
NPV [(PQ v(Q'Q)]
R
($50 $34) (90 70)
[($50 70) $34 (90 70)]
.005
$320
[$3500 $680]
.005
$4,180 $64,000
$59,820
10: Switch break-even point
Your brother owns a company that also has a cash only credit
policy. He, too, is considering switching to a net 30 credit
policy. His current sales per month are 85 units at an average
selling price of $60 a unit. His variable cost is $42 a unit. His
applicable monthly interest rate is 1.5%.
Pv
Q'Q PQ v
R
$60 $42
Q'85 ($60 85) $42
.015
Q'85 $5,100 ($1,200 $42)
Q'85 $5,100 $1,158
Q'85 4.404
12: One-time sale
A customer just walked into your store and wants to buy some
electronics costing $89. The customer states that he is from out of
town and is just passing through on an extended vacation. Thus,
you know that this is a one-time sale. Your variable cost for this
merchandise is $50 and your relevant interest rate is 1.5% per
month. Since this customer had not planned on making this
purchase, he does not have sufficient funds with him to pay for it
and thus asks for credit for one month until he arrives back home.
Should you grant credit to this customer if you feel there is a 30%
chance that he will default?
13: One-time sale
P
NPV v (1 )
1 R
$50 (1 .30) $89
1 .015
$50 (.7 $87.68)
$50 $61.38
$11 .38
14: Repeat sale
A new customer just walked into your store. She says that she is
new to the area and is out checking out the various retail stores to
decide where she will shop in the future. She’s looking at some
merchandise costing $250 but states that she won’t have that
much money until next month. You know that your variable cost in
the item is $180 and that your monthly interest rate is 1.7%.
Should you offer her credit for one month if you feel that the
chance of default is 10%?
15: Repeat sale
Pv
NPV v (1 )
R
$250 $180
$180 (1 .10)
.017
$180 (.90 $4,117.647)
$180 $3,705.88
$3,525.88
16: Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
2T F
EOQ
CC
2 31,200 $75
$1.10
$4,680,000
$1.10
4,254,545.46
2,062.65 units
18: Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
12,000
Total restocking cost $40
2,500
4.8 $40
$192.00
20: Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
2T F
EOQ
CC
2 12,000 $40
$.60
$960,000
$.60
1,600,000
1,264.91
21: Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
12,000
Total restocking cost $40
1,264.91
9.48684 $40
$379.47
22: One-shot approach
Your firm currently sells 200 units each month at a price of $24
each. The variable cost per unit is $14 and the monthly interest
rate is 1.5%. If you switch your credit policy from cash only to net
30, you think you can increase your sales to 215 units a month.
$5,160
Proposed NPV - $3,010
1 .015
$3,010 $5,083.74
$2,073.74
25: One-shot approach
Your firm currently sells 200 units each month at a price of $24
each. The variable cost per unit is $14 and the monthly interest
rate is 1.5%. If you switch your credit policy from cash only to net
30, you think you can increase your sales to 215 units a month.
( P v)(Q'Q) {[ PQ v(Q'Q)] R}
PV
R
[($24 $14) (215 200)] {[($ 24 200) $14 (215 200)] .015}
.015
[$10 15] {[$4,800 $210] .015}
.015
$150 $75.15
.015
$74.85
.015
$4,990
28: Discounts and default risk
Currently, you sell 50 units per period at $22.50 a unit. You are
considering implementing a net 30 credit policy along with
increasing your credit price to $24. If you make this change, you
expect that your sales will remain at their current level. You also
expect all of your customers to take advantage of the credit period
and that 2% of them will default. The applicable monthly interest
rate is 1.5%.
P'P
d
P'
$24.00 $22.50
$24.00
.0625
6.25% d
NPV PQ P' Q
R
.0625 .02
($22.50 50) ($24 50)
.015
$1,125 $3,400
$2,275
30: Discounts and default risk
d R (1 d )
.0625 .015 (1 .0625)
.0625 .0141
.0484
4.84%
Chapter21
• End of Chapter 21
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.