A Presentation on
Induction Motor
By
Saravanan T Y
Assistant Professor
EEE Department
NEC Gudur
3-Φ Induction Motor
• The 3-Φ Induction Motor is the most widely used electrical
motor. Almost 80% of the mechanical power used by
industries are provided by 3-Φ Induction Motors.
• The reasons are
Simple and rugged construction
low cost
good operating characteristics
absence of commutator
good speed regulation.
• In 3-Φ Induction Motor , the power is transferred from
stator to rotor winding through induction. The induction
motor is also called as asynchronous motor.
Construction of 3-Φ Induction Motor
Cross-Sectional view
Constructional Parts of IM
• Like any other type of electrical motor, a 3-Φ Induction
Motor is constructed from two main parts, namely the
stator and rotor:
1. Stator: As its name indicates stator is a stationary part of
induction motor. A stator winding is placed in the stator
of induction motor and the 3-Φ AC supply is given to it.
2. Rotor: The rotor is a rotating part of induction motor. The
rotor is connected to the mechanical load through the
shaft.
• The rotor of the 3-Φ Induction Motor is further classified
as
Squirrel cage rotor
Slip ring rotor or wound rotor or phase wound rotor.
• Depending upon the type of rotor construction used the
three phase induction motor are classified as:
Squirrel cage Induction Motor
Slip Ring Induction Motor or wound induction motor
or phase wound induction motor.
Squirrel Cage Rotor
Wound or Slip Ring Rotor
• The other parts of a 3-Φ Induction Motor are:
Shaft for transmitting the torque to the load. This
shaft is made up of steel.
Bearings for supporting the rotating shaft.
One of the problems with electrical motor is the
production of heat during its rotation. To overcome
this problem, we need a fan for cooling.
For receiving external electrical connection Terminal
box is needed.
There is a small distance between rotor and stator
which usually varies from 0.4 mm to 4 mm. Such a
distance is called air gap.
Production of Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF)
• When we apply a 3-Φ supply to a 3-Φ distributed winding
of a rotating machine, a Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) is
produced which rotates in synchronous speed.
• The synchronous speed is the speed of the revolution of the
magnetic field in the stator winding of the motor. It is given
by,
• Let us we will try to understand the theory behind the
production of rotating magnetic field. The stator of three-
phase winding is distributed in the stator core is separated
from other by 1200 in space.
3-Φ Winding
• The vector sum of three currents in a balanced three-phase
system is zero at any instant,
• But the resultant of the magnetic fields produced by the
currents is not zero rather it will have a constant non-zero
value rotating in space in respect to time.
• The magnetic flux produced by the current in each phase can be
represented by the equations given below.
ΦR = Φm sinωt
ΦY = Φm sin(ωt - 1200)
ΦB = Φm sin(ωt - 2400)
• The graphical representation of flux waves ΦR, ΦY and ΦB is
shown below.
Case-1: At point-1 or ωt=00
• Here, the value of ΦR = Φm sinωt = Φm sin(00) = 0
• The value of ΦY = Φm sin(00 - 1200) = - (√3/2)Φm
• The value of ΦB = Φm sin(00 - 2400) = + (√3/2)Φm
• The resultant of these fluxes at that instant (Φr) is 1.5 Φm
which is shown in the figure below.
Case-2: At point-2 or ωt=300
• Here, the value of ΦR = Φm sinωt = Φm sin(300) = (1/2)Φm
• The value of ΦY = Φm sin(300 - 1200) = - Φm
• The value of ΦB = Φm sin(300 - 2400) = + (1/2)Φm
• The resultant of these fluxes at that instant (Φ r) is 1.5 Φm. It is
clear that the Φr vector is rotated 300 further clockwise
without changing its value.
Continued…
• Like wise, the Φr vector is rotated 300 further clockwise
without changing its value 1.5 Φm for the each points – 3, 4
and 5 or ωt = 600, 900 and 1200 respectively.
• Therefore we can say, Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) is
developed in poly phase (2 or more phases) windings
where the resultant field is constant at any instant and
rotating with synchronous speed.
Principle of Operation of 3-Φ Induction Motor
• Like any electric motor, a 3-Φ Induction Motor has a stator and
a rotor. The stator carries a 3-Φ winding (called stator winding)
while the rotor carries a short-circuited winding (called rotor
winding).
• IM is electro-mechanical device which converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy. It works based on the principle
of Faradays Laws of Electromagnetic Induction.
• i.e., The magnitude of the induced emf is equal to the rate of change of
flux linkages.
• Only the stator winding is fed from 3-Φ AC supply.
• The rotor winding derives its voltage and power from the
externally energized stator winding through electromagnetic
induction.
• The Induction Motor may be considered to be a Rotating
transformer with a rotating secondary and static primary
winding.
• Consider a portion of 3-phase induction motor as shown
in below. The operation of the motor can be explained as
under:
• When 3-Φ stator winding is energized from a 3-Φ AC supply, a
Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) is set up which rotates round
the stator at synchronous speed Ns = (120 f/P).
• The rotating field passes through the air gap and cuts the rotor
conductors, which as yet, are stationary. Due to the relative
speed between the rotating flux and the stationary rotor, emf’s are
induced in the rotor conductors. Since the rotor circuit is short-
circuited, currents start flowing in the rotor conductors.
• The current-carrying rotor conductors are placed in the magnetic
field produced by the stator. Consequently, mechanical force
acts on the rotor conductors. The sum of the mechanical forces
on all the rotor conductors produces a torque which tends to
move the rotor in the same direction as the rotating field.
• The fact that rotor is urged to follow the stator field (i.e.,
rotor moves in the direction of stator field) can be
explained by Lenz’s law. According to this law, the
direction of rotor currents will be such that they tend to
oppose the cause producing them and therefore the torque
is produced in rotor and starts to rotates.
Slip
• The difference between the synchronous speed (Ns) of the
rotating stator field and the actual rotor speed (Nr) is called
slip. It is usually expressed as a percentage of
synchronous speed i.e.,
Url’s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQqyGNOP_3o&t=62s
• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/108/108108076/
