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SQL 00

This document provides an overview of database administration and Oracle. It defines types of Oracle users including database administrators. It describes the tasks of a database administrator such as installing Oracle software, planning and creating databases, enrolling users, backing up data, and tuning performance. It also outlines common database objects, datatypes, SQL statements, and embedded SQL statements.

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Anand Biradar
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72 views19 pages

SQL 00

This document provides an overview of database administration and Oracle. It defines types of Oracle users including database administrators. It describes the tasks of a database administrator such as installing Oracle software, planning and creating databases, enrolling users, backing up data, and tuning performance. It also outlines common database objects, datatypes, SQL statements, and embedded SQL statements.

Uploaded by

Anand Biradar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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0

Introduction To ORACLE
RDBMS

• 1960‘s Hard Data


• 1970’s File System
• 1970, RDBMS, E.F.Codd
• 1979, First ORACLE RDBMS
• ORDBMS

1-2
Types of Oracle Users

• Database Administrators
• Security Officers
• Network Administrators
• Application Developers
• Application Administrators
• Database Users

1-3
Database Administrators I
• Installing and upgrading the Oracle server and
application tools
• Allocating system storage and planning future
storage requirements for the database system
• Creating primary database storage structures
(tablespaces) after application developers have
designed an application
• Creating primary objects (tables, views, indexes)
once application developers have designed an
application
• Modifying the database structure, as necessary,
from information given by application developers

1-4
Database Administrators II

• Enrolling users and maintaining system security


• Ensuring compliance with your Oracle license
agreement
• Controlling and monitoring user access to the
database
• Monitoring and optimizing the performance of the
database

1-5
Database Administrators III

• Planning for backup and recovery of database


information
• Maintaining archived data on tape
• Backing up and restoring the database
• Contacting Oracle Corporation for technical
support

1-6
Tasks of a Database
Administrator

• Task 1: Evaluate the Database Server Hardware


• Task 2: Install the Oracle Software
• Task 3: Plan the Database
• Task 4: Create and Open the Database
• Task 5: Back Up the Database

1-7
Tasks of a Database
Administrator

• Task 6: Enroll System Users


• Task 7: Implement the Database Design
• Task 8: Back Up the Fully Functional Database
• Task 9: Tune Database Performance

1-8
Database Objects

• Table, Column, Datatypes


• Index
• View
• Sequence
• Synonym
• Partition
• Cluster

1-9
Database Objects

• Procedure and Function


• Package
• Trigger
• Users
• Privileges and Roles
• Database Links

1-10
Native Datatypes

• Character Datatypes
– CHAR Datatype
– VARCHAR2 and VARCHAR Datatypes
– NCHAR and NVARCHAR2 Datatypes
– LONG Datatype
• NUMBER Datatype
• DATE Datatype
• LOB Datatypes
• RAW and LONG RAW Datatypes
• ROWID and UROWID Datatypes

1-11
SQL Overview

• SQL: Structured Query Language


• SQL is a database access, nonprocedural
language.
• SQL-92
• SQL-99
• Extensions to SQL-99

1-12
Oracle SQL Categories

• Data Manipulation Language Statements


• Data Definition Language Statements
• Transaction Control Statements
• Session Control Statements
• System Control Statements
• Embedded SQL Statements

1-13
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
• Retrieve data from one or more tables or views
(SELECT) (DQL)
• Add new rows of data into a table or view (INSERT)
• Change column values in existing rows of a table
or view (UPDATE)
• Update or insert rows conditionally into a table or
view (MERGE)
• Remove rows from tables or views (DELETE)
• See the execution plan for a SQL statement
(EXPLAIN PLAN)
• Lock a table or view, temporarily limiting other
users' access (LOCK TABLE)

1-14
Data Definition Language (DDL)

• Create, alter, and drop schema objects and other


database structures, including the database itself
and database users (CREATE, ALTER, DROP)
• Change the names of schema objects (RENAME)
• Delete all the data in schema objects without
removing the objects' structure (TRUNCATE)
• Grant and revoke privileges and roles (GRANT,
REVOKE)
• Turn auditing options on and off (AUDIT,
NOAUDIT)
• Add a comment to the data dictionary (COMMENT)

1-15
Transaction Control Statements

• Make a transaction's changes permanent


(COMMIT)
• Undo the changes in a transaction, either since the
transaction started or since a savepoint
(ROLLBACK)
• Set a point to which you can roll back
(SAVEPOINT)
• Establish properties for a transaction (SET
TRANSACTION)

1-16
Session Control Statements

• Alter the current session by performing a


specialized function, such as enabling and
disabling the SQL trace facility (ALTER SESSION)
• Enable and disable roles (groups of privileges) for
the current session (SET ROLE)

1-17
System Control Statements

• System control statements change the properties


of the Oracle server instance.
• The only system control statement is ALTER
SYSTEM.

1-18
Embedded SQL Statements
• Define, allocate, and release cursors (DECLARE
CURSOR, OPEN, CLOSE)
• Specify a database and connect to Oracle
(DECLARE DATABASE, CONNECT)
• Assign variable names (DECLARE STATEMENT)
• Initialize descriptors (DESCRIBE)
• Specify how error and warning conditions are
handled (WHENEVER)
• Parse and run SQL statements (PREPARE,
EXECUTE, EXECUTE IMMEDIATE)
• Retrieve data from the database (FETCH)

1-19

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