Historical

Foundation on
Education
 Intended Learning Outcomes
⪢ State the relationship of society and
schools
⪢ Prove that schools transmit cultural
values by stating facts from education
history in the world and in the
Philippines
⪢ Explain the meaning of socialization as
a function of schools

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 “ When a school introduces and trains
each child of society into membership
within such a little community,
saturating him with the spirit of service,
and providing him with the instruments
of effective self- direction, we shall have
the deepest and best guaranty of a
larger society which is worthy, lovely
and harmonious.
- John Dewey
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 Education or school is
an institution created
by society.

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 Socialization
Socialization is the process of
learning the roles, statuses and
values necessary for
participation in social
institution.
- Brinkerhoff, D., 1989

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 Socialization

Role learning that prepares us

for future roles is termed
anticipatory socialization.

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 The family is the most important agent of
socialization
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 School also is an important agent
of socialization

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Education in
Primitive Society
 ⪢ Survival Problem

⪢ Survive Food Shelter

Warmth and Clothing
⪢ Cultural Patterns

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 Life Skills

Tool or Intrument making

Adherence to the Moral behavior

code of group life

Language
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 Group life based on Kinship and Tribal Patterns
Children observed For these cultural
and learned from the patterns to continue,
elders and as they the adults had to teach
were deliberately these skills and values
taught by their to their children.
parents and elder.

Socialization is the process by which individuals internalize the norms and

values of society and so social and cultural continuity are attained. This is
also informal education in action.
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 “ The creation and introduction of
oral and written language made
a great leap on literacy which in
turn gad tremendous education
consequences which citizens of a
civilized society like nitezens of
the 21st century now enjoy.

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 Key Periods in
Educational History
What Society Considers Important
is What education Focuses on to
Preserve Society.

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 Historical Educational Curriculum Agents Influences on
Group or Goals Western
Period Education
Primitive To teach group Practical skills of Parents, tribal, Emphasis on the
societies survival skills; to hunting, fishing, elders, and priests role of informal
7000 BC - 5000 cultivate group food gathering education in
BC cohesiveness stories, myths, transmission of
songs, poems, skills and values
dances

Greek To cultivate civic Athenian: reading, Athens: private Athens: The

1600 BC – responsibility and writing, arithmetic, teachers and concept of the well-
300 BC identity with city- drama, music, schools: Sophists; rounded, liberally
states; physical education, Philosophers educated person
literature and
Athenian: to develop poetry Spartan: Military Spartan: The
well-rounded person teachers, drill concept of the
Spartan: Drill, sergeants military state
Spartan: to develop military songs and
soldiers and military tactics
leaders
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 Historical Educational Curriculum Agents Influences on
Group or Goals Western
Period Education
Roman To develop sense of Reading, writing, Private schools Emphasis on
750 BC – civic responsibility arithmetic, Laws and teachers; ability to use
AD 450 for republic and the of Twelve Tables, school of rhetoric education for
empire; to develop law, philosophy practical
administrative and administrative
military skills skills; relating
education to civic
responsibility

Arabic To cultivate religious Reading, writing , Mosque; court Arabic numerals

AD 700 – commitment to mathematics, schools and computation;
AD 1350 Islamic beliefs; to religious re-entry of
develop expertise in literature, classical materials
mathematics, scientific studies on science and
medicine, and science medicine

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Historical Educational Curriculum Agents Influences on
Group or Goals Western
Period Education

Medieval To develop religious Reading, writing, Parish, chantry, Establishing the

AD 500 – commitment, arithmetic, liberal cathedral structure, content, and
AD 1400 knowledge, and rituals; arts, schools; organization of the
to reestablish social universities; university as a major
order: to prepare for apprenticeship; institution of higher
appropriate role knighthood education; the
institutionalization and
preservation of
knowledge

Renaissance To cultivate a humanist Latin, Greek, Classical An emphasis on literary

AD 1350 – who was expert in the Classical Literature, humanist knowledge, excellence,
AD 1500 classics – Greek and poetry, art educators and and style as expressed in
Latin schools such as classical literature; a
lychee, two-track system of
gymnasium, school
Latin grammar
School
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 Historical Educational Curriculum Agents Influences on
Group or Goals Western
Period Education
Reformation To cultivate to a sense Reading , writing, Vernacular A commitment to
AD 1500 of commitment to a arithmetic, elementary schools universal
AD 1600 particular religious catechism, for the masses; education to
denomination; to religious concepts classical schools for provide literacy to
cultivate general and ritual; Latin the upper classes the masses;
literacy and Greek;
Theology

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 The History of the Philippines Educational System

Philippines

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 ⪢Education is a function of
society and as such what are
taught in schools arise from the
nature and character of society
itself.

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 Pre-Colonial Period
Spanish Period
American Regime
Japanese Occupation
Post-Colonial Period

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 Pre-Colonial period
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 Education during the Pre-
Colonial Period
⪢ Informal and unstructured, and
decentralized
⪢ Prepared their children to become a
good husband and wife
⪢ More vocational training but lesser
academics
⪢ Teachers were tribal tutors
○ Babaylan or Katalonan

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 Spanish Period
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 Education during Spanish Era
⪢ Formal and Organized
⪢ Spanish Missionaries
⪢ Parochial schools
⪢ Religion-oriented
⪢ Separate School for boys and girls
⪢ Wealthy Filipinos or the Ilustrados
were accommodated in the schools

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 Educational Decree of 1863
⪢ This law gave Filipinos a complete
system of Education from
Elementary to the Collegiate Level
⪢ Establishment of Elementary Schools
in all municipalities in the country
⪢ Attendance in school was
compulsory between the ages of
seven and twelve.

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 American Regime
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 Education during American Regime
⪢ The American promoted democratic
ideal and the democratic way life
⪢ System of free and compulsory
elementary education – Malolos
Constitution
⪢ May 1898, the first American school
establish at Corregidor
⪢ Chaplains and Military officers of the Us
Army.
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 Education during American Regime
⪢ Thomasites arrived in the Philippines on
August 23, 1901.
⪢ University of the Philippines was founded
1908
⪢ UP was the first sate school of University
status
⪢ Department of Public Instruction
○ Four years Primary
○ Three year Intermediate
○ Four year Junior College

30 ○ Four year Program

 Commonwealth Period
⪢ Free education in public schools –
1935 constitution
⪢ Vocational education and some
household activities
⪢ Emphasized nationalism – Filipino
heroes
⪢ Good manners and discipline
⪢ Institute of Private education
⪢ Formal Adult Education

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 Executive Order No. 134 - Tagalog as our
National Language

Executive Order No. 217 – Quezon Code of

Ethics

Executive Order No. 236 – Requires

teaching Filipino in the senior year of all
high school and in all years in the normal
schools
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 Education Act of 1940 (C.A. 586)
⪢ August 7, 1940 by the Philippine Assembly
⪢ Reduction of 7 year elementary course to 6 years
⪢ Fixing the school entrance at age 7
⪢ National support for elementary education
⪢ Compulsory attendance of primary children
enrolled in Grade 1
⪢ Adoption of double-single sessions in the primary
grade with one teacher one class assignment of the
intermediate teachers

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 Japanese Occupation
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 Japanese Occupation
⪢ Make the people understand the position of the
Philippines as a member of the East Asia C0-
Prosperity Sphere
⪢ Eradication of the idea of reliance upon
Western States
⪢ Fostering new Filipino Culture
⪢ Evaluating the moral of the people
⪢ Promotion of vocation education
⪢ Termination of the use of English in Schools
⪢ Love of labor

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 Post colonial
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 Post-Colonial Philippines
⪢ Full realization of the democratic ideals
and way of life
⪢ Civil Service Eligibility of Teachers – R.A.
1079 in June 15, 1954
⪢ Daily flag Ceremony including the singing
of National Anthem – R.A. 1265 in
June 11, 1955
⪢ The life, the works and the writing of Dr.
Jose Rizal – Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo
⪢ Elementary Education was nationalized
and matriculation fees were abolished
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 Post-Colonial Philippines
⪢ R.A. 4670 – Magna Carta for Public
School Teachers
⪢ Fundamental Aims if Education in
1973 Education:
⪢ Foster love of the country
⪢ Teach the duties of citizenship
⪢ Develop moral character, self-
discipline, scientific, technological
and vocational efficiency

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 Other Developments
⪢ Integration of Values in all learning areas
⪢ Emphasis on mastery of learning
⪢ Bilingual Education Policy – use of
English and Filipino separately
⪢ Education Act of 1982 – Ministry of
Education, Culture and Sports
⪢ NCEE – National College Entrance
Examination
⪢ Executive Order No. 117 – Department of
Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS) in
1987

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 Other Developments
⪢ Creation of the Board of Professional
Teachers composed of 5 under PRC
⪢ PBET to LET
⪢ Transfer of authority of administering LET
from CSC and DECS to Board of
Professional Teachers under PRC
⪢ Trifocalization of Education System
DECS
CHED
TESDA

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 Other Developments
⪢ R.A. 7796 – Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority of 1994
⪢ R.A. 7722 – Higher Education Act of 1994 
CHED
⪢ In August 2001, RA. 9155 – Governance of
Basic Education Act
DECS to Department of Education (DepEd)
⪢ School head empowerment by strengthening
their leadership roles
⪢ School-based management within the context of
transparency and local accountability

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 Other Developments
⪢ Skills
⪢ Knowledge
⪢ Values to become caring, self-
reliant, productive and patriotic
citizens
⪢ Goals of basic Education
⪢ Values Education as separate
subject in NSEC
⪢ R.A. 10157, January 20, 2012 –
Kindergarten Act
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 Other Developments
⪢ R.A. 10533 - May 15,2013 -
Enhanced Basic Education Act
⪢ K to 12 program
⪢ Provide sufficient time for mastery of
concepts and skills
Develop life long learners
⪢ Prepare graduates for tertiary
education, middle-level skills
development, employment, and
entrepreneurship
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The Varied Goals
of Education in
Different Periods
of Philippine
History
 “ ⪢ What was considered
important in each
historical period of the
country was also the focus
or direction of the
education of the Filipino

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 

Pre-Colonial Period
Vocational Training
Becoming good Mothers
and Fathers
 
Spanish Period

Religious Education
Living the Christian Faith
 

American Regime
To Become Good Citizens
of a Democratic Country
 

Japanese Occupation
Love of Labor
Post-Colonial Period
Foster love of country
Teach the duties of
Citizenship
Develop moral character
and self-discipline
Scientific, technological
and vocational efficiency
 To produce thoughtful gradates imbued with 1.) values
reflective of a humanistic orientation; 2.) analytical and
problem solving skills; 3.) the ability to think things through
ethical and social implication of a given source of action;
and 4.) the competency to learn continuously throughout
life – that will enable them to live meaningfully in a
complex, rapidly changing and globalized world while
engaging their community and the nation’s development
issues and concern – Commission on Higher Education

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 The Importance of Studying
History of Education
⪢ Educational issues and problems are often rooted
in the past

⪢ Realistic effort to reform education begin with

present conditions which are product of our past

⪢ The study of education’s past provides a

perspective that explains and illuminates our
presents activities as teachers

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 Thanks!

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