EM 208 - Leadership

LEADERSHIP
Discussant: Jenilyn F. Gozos

MAEd - EM
WHAT IS LEADERSHIP?
 It
can be defined as the process of
guiding and directing behavior of
people in the organization in order to
achieve certain objectives
(Roberto G. Medina)
 According to Koontz and O’ Donnell “it is
the art of including the subordinates to
accomplish their assignments with zeal
and confidence. Zeal reflects hard work,
earnestness and intensity in execution of
work; confidence reflects experience and
technical ability.”
CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP
 Managers are people who do things right,
while leaders are people who do the right
thing.
 Leadership is all about courage to dream
big.
Leadership is a complex process by
which a person influences others to
accomplish a mission, task, or objective
and directs the organization in a way that
makes it more cohesive and coherent
o Leadership makes people want to achieve
high goals and objectives, while, on the
other hand, bosses tell people to
accomplish a task or objective.
Leadership can be used for good or ill
Leadership skills can be perverted to
pursue bad ends
MANAGERS LEADERS
 Rational Problem
Solvers  Intuitive, more
 Perform other Visionary
administrative function  Primarily
such as planning,
organizing, decision- concerned with
making and results
communicating
 Obtain power from
 Concerned with below
efficiency of results
 Obtain power from
above
KINDS OF LEADERSHIP
FORMAL - refers to the process of
influencing others to pursue official
objectives. Formal leaders are vested
with formal authority and as such,
they generally have a measure of
legitimate power.
o They rely on expedient combination
of reward, coercive, referent and
expert power.
INFORMAL- refers to the process of
influencing others to pursue unofficial
objectives. They lack formal authority.
When satisfied with their jobs, they are
valuable assets of the organization. When
not, they become liabilities. Their power
can be used to convince employees to cause
harm to the organization.
IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP
1.Initiates action
2.Motivation
3.Providing guidance
4.Creating confidence
5.Building morale
6.Builds work environment
7.Co-ordination
INITIATES ACTION
Leader communicates the
policies and plans to the
subordinates from where the
work actually starts.
MOTIVATION
A leader motivates the employees
with economic and non-economic
rewards and thereby gets the work
from the subordinates.
PROVIDING GUIDANCE
A leader guides by instructing the
subordinates the way they have to
perform their work effectively and
efficiently.
CREATING CONFIDENCE
Confidence is an important factor which
can be achieved through expressing the
work efforts to the subordinates,
explaining them clearly their role and
giving them guidelines to achieve the
goals effectively. It is also important
to hear the employees with regards to
their complaints and problems.
BUILDING MORALE
A leader can be a morale booster by
achieving full co-operation so that
they perform with best of
their abilities as they work to achieve
goals.
BUILDS WORK ENVIRONMENT
Management is getting things done
from people. An efficient work
environment helps in sound and
stable growth. He should listen to his
subordinates problems and solve
them.
He should treat employees on
humanitarian terms.
CO-ORDINATION
Co-ordination can be achieved
through reconciling personal interests
with organizational goals. This
synchronization can be achieved
through proper and effective co-
ordination which should be primary
motive of a leader.
IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP IN AN
ORGANIZATION
Leadership and human behavior
Leadership and Communication
Leadership and motivation

LEADERSHIP AND HUMAN
BEHAVIOR
Human nature is the common

qualities of all people who
have similar needs.
A leader must understand these needs
because they are powerful motivators.
LEADERSHIP AND COMMUNICATION
Communication is very important
because a leader coach, coordinate,
counsel, evaluate, and supervise
through this process.
LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
A person's motivation is a
combination of desire and energy
directed at achieving a goal.
POWER AND THE LEADER
The main concern of a leader is to
influence people to behave as he wants
them to. The leader, however, can
influence only if he possess power, and this
emanates only from either the group or the
leader.
CLASSIFICATION OF POWER
 Position Power
 Personal Power
 POSITION POWER
-power derived as a conse

quence of the leader’s position.
Types of Position Power:
1.Legitimate- referred to as
“authority”, this power emanates
from a person’s position in the
organization.
The legitimate power vested in a person
is characterized by the ff:
- It is vested in a person’s position.
- It is accepted by the subordinates.
- Authority is used vertically.
2. Reward- power emanates from one’s
ability to grant reward to those who
comply with a command or request. The
leader’s capacity to provide promotions,
money, praise, and other rewards
influences the behaviour of
subordinates.
3. Coercive- power arises from the
expectation of subordinates that they
will be punished if they do not conform
to the wishes of the leader.
 PERSONAL POWER
 results from leader’s personal
characteristics.
Types of Personal Power:
1. Expert- an expert who possess and can
dispense valued information generally
exercise expert power over those in need of
such information. This power depends on
his education, training and experience.
 This power depends on his education,
training and experience.
 Ex. Doctors, Lawyers and Computer
Specialists
2. Referent- refers to the ability of the
leaders to develop followers from the
strength of their own personalities. Leaders
who possess this power have a personal
magnetism, an air of confidence, and a
passionate belief in objectives that attract
and hold followers.
 Ex. Nelson Mandela of Africa, Mother
Teresa are leaders who had referent
power
“Effective Leadership starts
with healthy, clear thinking.”
- JOHN C. MAXWELL

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LEADERSHIP

Discussant: Jenilyn F. Gozos

Leadership and human behavior

Leadership and Communication

Leadership and motivation

Human nature is the common

-power derived as a conse

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