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3 Digital Representation

The document provides information on different methods for representing digital data, including: 1. Signed and unsigned number representations like sign-magnitude, 1's complement, and 2's complement. 2. Binary-coded decimal (BCD), excess-3, ASCII, and binary floating point number representations. 3. Basic logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. The document also provides examples of converting between decimal, binary, hexadecimal, octal, and other number representations. It includes sample questions testing the understanding of digital number systems and logic gates.

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Muhd Nasrul Hazim
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84 views35 pages

3 Digital Representation

The document provides information on different methods for representing digital data, including: 1. Signed and unsigned number representations like sign-magnitude, 1's complement, and 2's complement. 2. Binary-coded decimal (BCD), excess-3, ASCII, and binary floating point number representations. 3. Basic logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. The document also provides examples of converting between decimal, binary, hexadecimal, octal, and other number representations. It includes sample questions testing the understanding of digital number systems and logic gates.

Uploaded by

Muhd Nasrul Hazim
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

HELLO THERE …

Digital
Representation
Content:
1. Introduction
2. Signed and unsigned
representation
3. BCD
4. Excess-3
5. ASCII code
6. Binary floating point data
7. Basic gates and function
Introduction
 Why digital
 Advantages:
 Easy to design
 Information storage is easy
 Accuracy and precision are greater
 Operation can be programmed
 Less effected by noise
 Small in size
 Disadvantage:
 Needs conversion process – analog – digital - analog
Introduction
 Digital ICs – collection of resistors, diodes and transistors
fabricated on a single piece of semiconductor material called
chip
 Package type
 DIP / PDIP – Dual-In-Line Package / Plastic Dual-In-Line Package
 SOIC – Small Outline Integrated Circuit
 TQFP – Thin-Quad Flatpack Package
 QFN - Quad Flat No Lead Package
 PLCC – Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier
Introduction
Categorizations of chips:
6 levels of circuit complexity

1. Small Scale Integration (SSI) >12gates

2. Medium Scale Integration (MSI) 12 – 99 gates

3. Large Scale Integration (LSI) 100 – 9999 gates

4. Very LSI (VLSI) 10,000 – 99,999 gates

5. Ultra LSI (ULSI) 100,000 – 999,999 gates

6. Giga LSI (GSI) >1 million gates


Introduction
 Most common numbering system:
 Decimal -> 1234567
 Binary -> %01101010
 Octal -> @234567
 Hexadecimal-> $12CD
Introduction
 Codes:
 signed and unsigned number ,
 BCD,
 Gray Code,
 American Standard Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII) code,
 Alphanumeric code,
Signed Number
 Most common signed numbers are
 Sign-magnitude number
 1’s complement number
 2’s complement number
 Normally, 0 is a sign for + and 1 is -.
Sign Magnitude
 Most simplest but impractical to be
implemented in computer system.
 Format:
 MSB – sign of the number
 Other – magnitude
1’s Complement
 Change each bit by its complement.
 0 -> 1
 1 -> 0
2’s Complement
 1’s complement + 1 to LSB.
 Tips:
 The 2’s complement can be obtained for a
binary number by duplicating each bit from
LSB until it reaches the B1.
 The rest must be complemented.
Binary-Coded-Decimal (BCD)
 4 bit represent each digit
 Types
 BCD8421 (commonly Known as BCD)

 BCD6221
 BCD4221
Binary-Coded-Decimal (BCD)
 Question:-
 Change the following decimal number
into BCD
 21
 99
 54
 23
Binary-Coded-Decimal (BCD)
 Question:-
 Change the following decimal number
into BCD6221
 21
 99
 54
 23
Binary-Coded-Decimal (BCD)
 Question:-
 Change the following decimal number
into BCD4221
 21
 99
 54
 23
Excess-3
 Used on older computers.
 Biased by 3
Excess-3
 Question:-
 Change the following decimal number
into Excess-3
 12
 21
 11
 2343
ASCII
ASCII
 Question:-
 Change the following decimal number
into ASCII
 12
 21
 11
 23 43
Binary Floating Point
 A way to represent floating point
 Can be either
 32 bit single precision
 (S - 31, E - 23-30, F – 0-22)
 64 bit double precision
 (S – 63, E – 51-62, F – 0-51)
Binary Floating Point
Example:
Binary Floating Point
3. That number is then normalized; the binary point is
moved left, leaving only a 1 to its left.
4. The number of places it is moved gives the (power
of two) exponent 1110110.101 becomes
1.110110101 x 26.
5. After this process, the first binary digit is always a
1, so it is need not be included in the encoding. The
rest is the part to the right of the binary point,
which is then padded with zeros on the right to
make 23 bit in all.
6. The exponent is 6 and should be biased by +127.
Thus, exponential is 6+127=133 (10000101)
Binary Floating Point
Binary Floating Point
 Question:
 Convert the following decimal number
to a 32 bit single precision binary
floating point.
 -12.5
 234.25
 21.625
Gray Code
 Code where only one bit changes as it
counts from top to bottom.
 It cannot be used in arithmetic.
 It is used in a digital system where a
single movement is critical.
Grey Code
BIN GREY CODE BIN GREY CODE
0000 0000 1000 1100
0001 0001 1001 1101
0010 0011 1010 1111
0011 0010 1011 1110
0100 0110 1100 1010
0101 0111 1101 1011
0110 0101 1110 1001
0111 0100 1111 1000
Grey Code
 Question:-
 Change the following decimal number
into grey code
 12
 21
 11
 99
Basic Gates and Function
 AND,
 OR,
 NOT,
 NAND,
 NOR,
 XOR,
 XNOr,
Sample Questions
Sample Questions
Sample Questions
Sample Questions
Give a result of following question:
1. $AA AND $55 =
2. $0F OR $AA =
3. $C5 EOR $33 =
4. $E3 NOR 32 =
More Sample Questions
1. The correct hexadecimal equivalent for 1100 1010
0111 10012 is ___________.
2. How many binary digits make up a byte?
___________.
3. How many bytes are in hexadecimal number
CBD927? _____________.
4. The uppercase Q has an ASCII code of 101 0001,
what are the octal and hexadecimal equivalents?
__________8 (octal) and __________16(Hex).
5. The weigh of MSB of a 6 bit binary number is
__________.
More…
6. Each hexadecimal digit converts to
__________ binary digits.
7. In BCD, the decimal number 25 converts to
________digits.
8. Even parity, means that the byte contains
an _________ number of ones.
9. Convert 1100 11012 to its decimal
equivalent. __________ .
10. The decimal value for EC16 is __________.

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