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Knowledge Based Expert System: Abhay Kumar Associate Professor, DFT, NIFT, Patna

This document discusses knowledge-based expert systems. It defines knowledge and experts, and explains that rules represented in IF-THEN form are used to represent knowledge. It describes the components of a rule-based expert system, including the knowledge base containing rules, a database of facts, an inference engine for reasoning, explanation facilities, and a user interface. It also discusses expert system shells, rule syntax and structure, and the role of experts in developing expert systems.

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Mard Geer
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42 views25 pages

Knowledge Based Expert System: Abhay Kumar Associate Professor, DFT, NIFT, Patna

This document discusses knowledge-based expert systems. It defines knowledge and experts, and explains that rules represented in IF-THEN form are used to represent knowledge. It describes the components of a rule-based expert system, including the knowledge base containing rules, a database of facts, an inference engine for reasoning, explanation facilities, and a user interface. It also discusses expert system shells, rule syntax and structure, and the role of experts in developing expert systems.

Uploaded by

Mard Geer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Knowledge based Expert system

Abhay Kumar
Associate Professor,
DFT, NIFT,Patna
Knowledge and Expert
• Knowledge is a theoretical or practical
understanding of a subject or a domain.
• Knowledge is also the sum of what is currently
known, and apparently knowledge is power.
• Those who possess knowledge are called experts.
• Anyone can be considered a domain expert if he
or she has deep knowledge (of both facts and
rules) and strong practical experience in a
particular domain.
Rules
• These statements represented in the IF-THEN
form are called production rules or just rules.

• IF the ‘traffic light’ is green


THEN the action is go

• IF the ‘traffic light’ is red


THEN the action is stop
Rules as a knowledge representation technique
• Any rule consists of two parts:
• the IF part, called the antecedent (premise or
condition) and
• the THEN part called the consequent
(conclusion or action).
• The basic syntax of a rule is:
IF <antecedent>
THEN <consequent>
Continue….

• The antecedent of a rule incorporates two parts:


1) an object (linguistic object) and
2)its value

• Expert systems can also use mathematical


operators to define an object as numerical and
assign it to the numerical value.
Technique…
• In general, a rule can have multiple
antecedents joined by the keywords AND
(conjunction), OR (disjunction) or a
combination of both.
However, it is a good habit to avoid mixing
conjunctions and disjunctions in the same rule.
Technique…
• IF <antecedent 1> • IF <antecedent 1>
AND <antecedent 2> OR <antecedent 2>
. .
. .
. .
AND <antecedent n> OR <antecedent n>

THEN <consequent> THEN <consequent>


Technique….
• The consequent of a rule can also have multiple
clauses:
• IF <antecedent>
THEN <consequent 1>
<consequent 2>
.
.
.
<consequent m>
• .
In our road crossing example, the linguistic
object ‘traffic light’ can take either the value green
or the value red. The object and its value are linked
by an operator.
Print out
• 46
• 47
• 48
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Expert system shell
• An expert system shell can be considered as
an expert system with the knowledge
removed. Therefore, all the user has to do is
to add the knowledge in the form of rules and
provide relevant data to solve a problem.
• In general, there are five members of the
expert system development team:
1) the domain expert, 2) the knowledge
engineer,3) the programmer,4) the project
manager and 5) the end-user
Rule based Expert system
• A rule-based expert system has five components:
1) the knowledge base, 2)the database,
3) the inference engine, 4) the explanation
facilities, and 5) the user interface.
• The knowledge base contains the domain
knowledge useful for problem solving. In a rule-
based expert system, the knowledge is
represented as a set of rules.
Continue…
• The database includes a set of facts used to match
against the IF (condition) parts of rules stored in
the knowledge base.
• The inference engine carries out the reasoning
whereby the expert system reaches a solution. It
links the rules given in the knowledge base with
the facts provided in the database
• The explanation facilities enable the user to ask
the expert system how a particular conclusion is
reached and why a specific fact is needed
• The knowledge base contains the domain knowledge useful for
problem solving.
• The database includes a set of facts used to match against the IF
(condition) parts of rules stored in the knowledge base.
• The inference engine carries out the reasoning whereby the
expert system reaches a solution.
• The explanation facilities enable the user to ask the expert system
how a
• particular conclusion is reached and why a specific fact is needed.
• The user interface is the means of communication between a
user seeking a
• solution to the problem and an expert system
• The external interface allows an expert system to work
with external data files
• The developer interface usually include knowledge base
editors, debugging aids and input/output facilities
• expert system shells provide a simple text editor to input
and modify rules, and to check their correct format and
spelling
• The user interface is the means of
communication between a user seeking a
solution to the problem and an expert system
Rule based expert system
• The explanation facilities enable the user to ask the
expert system how a particular conclusion is
reached and why a specific fact is needed.
• The user interface is the means of communication
between a user seeking a solution to the problem
and an expert system
• The external interface allows an expert system to
work with external data files and programs written
in conventional programming languages such as C,
Pascal, FORTRAN and Basic
Fundamental character of an expert system

• An expert system is built to perform at a human expert level in


a narrow,
• specialized domain. Thus, the most important characteristic of
an expert
• system is its high-quality performance. No matter how fast the
system can solve
• a problem, the user will not be satisfied if the result is wrong.
On the other hand,
• the speed of reaching a solution is very important. Even the
most accurate
• decision or diagnosis may not be useful if it is too late to apply,
Can expert systems make mistakes?

• Even a brilliant expert is only a human and


thus can make mistakes. This suggests that an
expert system built to perform at a human
expert level also should be allowed to make
mistakes. But we still trust experts

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