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Cell Parts and Function

This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It discusses that cells are the smallest living units and are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and many membrane-bound organelles. It then describes some of the key organelles in cells like the nucleus, which contains DNA and controls the cell, and mitochondria and chloroplasts, which generate energy for the cell.

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Kariza Pugal
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33 views25 pages

Cell Parts and Function

This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It discusses that cells are the smallest living units and are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and many membrane-bound organelles. It then describes some of the key organelles in cells like the nucleus, which contains DNA and controls the cell, and mitochondria and chloroplasts, which generate energy for the cell.

Uploaded by

Kariza Pugal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Structure and Function

Cells
• Smallest living unit
• Most are microscopic
Principles of Cell Theory
• All living things are made of cells

• Smallest living unit is the cell

• All cells arise from preexisting cells


(this principle discarded the idea of
spontaneous generation)
Cell Types

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
• First cell type on earth
• Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotic Cells
• No membrane bound nucleus
• Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration
• Organelles not bound by membranes
Eukaryotic Cells
• Nucleus bound by membrane
• Include fungi, protists, plant,
and animal cells
• Possess many organelles

Protozoan
Representative Animal Cell
Representative Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
• Contains cell contents
• Double layer of phospholipids & proteins
Cell Walls
• Found in plants, fungi, & many protists
• Surrounds plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
• Viscous fluid containing organelles
• components of cytoplasm
– Interconnected filaments & fibers
– Fluid = cytosol
– Organelles (not nucleus)
– storage substances
Nucleus

• Control center of cell

• Double membrane

• Contains
– Chromosomes
– Nucleolus
DNA

• Hereditary material

• Chromosomes
– DNA
– Protiens
– Form for cell division
• Chromatin
Nucleolus
• Most cells have 2 or more
• Directs synthesis of RNA
• Forms ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Helps move substances within cells

• Network of interconnected membranes

• Two types
– Rough endoplasmic reticulum
– Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
• Involved in synthesis of plant cell wall
• Packaging & shipping station of cell
Golgi Apparatus Function

1. Molecules come in vesicles

2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane

3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi


Golgi Apparatus Function
(Continued)

4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle

5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus

6. Vesicles may combine with plasma


membrane to secrete contents
Lysosomes
• Contain digestive enzymes
• Functions
– Aid in cell renewal
– Break down old cell parts
– Digests invaders
Vacuoles
• Membrane bound storage sacs
• More common in plants than animals
• Contents
– Water
– Food
– wastes
Mitochondria
• Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration)
– Glucose
– Fatty acids

• Release energy
– ATP
Chloroplasts
• Derived form photosynthetic bacteria
• Solar energy capturing organelle
End Chapter 5

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