Topic 1 Introduction

To Chemistry

1.2 SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Chemistry Form 4
Topic 1 Introduction To Chemistry

Scientific Method
A Scientific A method that is used according to rules or
Method scientific principles to solve problems in science.
Making
Making inference Identifying problem Making hypothesis
observation
Gathering Making a smart Asking questions Forming a general statement
information about guess that explain based on the that relate manipulated
a phenomenon. the phenomenon. inference. variable with responding
variable.
Planning an
Collecting data experiment Controlling variables Identifying variables

Making and • Choosing the Deciding how to

• Manipulated: Variables
recording materials and manipulate the
apparatus. variable. that is changed.
observation or
measurement. • Listing the • Responding: Factors
procedure of the that change with the
investigation. changes of manipulated
variable.
Interpreting data Making conclusion Writing a report
• Constant / fixed:
Factors that do not
Analysing data • Making a statement on Writing the details
change throughout the
through the outcome of the of the investigation
investigation.
calculations, investigation.
graphs or charts. • The hypothesis stated is
either accepted or
rejected.

Chemistry Form 4
Topic 1 Introduction To Chemistry

Scientific Method
To investigate the effect of temperature on the
Applying Scientific Method
solubility of salt in water.

thermometer

water temperature water temperature

beaker
30ºC 80ºC

solid salt solid salt

Aim : To investigate the effect of temperature on the solubility of salt in water.

Problem
statement : Does temperature affect the solubility of salt in water?
Hypothesis : The higher the temperature, the shorter the time taken for salt to be
dissolved in water.
Materials : Salt, water
Apparatus : Beaker, thermometer, tripod stand, stopwatch, Bunsen burner and wire gauze.
Variables :
Manipulated : The temperature of water
Responding : Solubility of salt in water
Fixed / constant : The amount of salt and volume of water
Chemistry Form 4
Topic 1 Introduction To Chemistry

Scientific Method

Applying Scientific Method- To investigate the effect of temperature on the

Procedures solubility of salt in water.

•• 50 cm
50 cm33 of
of water
water is
is poured
poured into
into the
the
beaker.
beaker.

•• Initial temperature
Initial temperature of of water
water is
is
recorded using
recorded using thermometer.
thermometer.

•• 55 gg of
of salt
salt is
is poured
poured into
into the
the beaker.
beaker.
Procedures:
Procedures:
•• The solution
The solution is
is stirred.
stirred. At
At the
the same
same
time, stopwatch
time, stopwatch isis started.
started.

•• Time taken
Time taken forfor salt
salt to
to dissolve
dissolve in
in the
the
water is
water is recorded.
recorded.

•• Experiment is
Experiment is repeated
repeated but
but the
the water
water
is heated
is heated to
to 80
80 C.
oo
C.

Chemistry Form 4
Topic 1 Introduction To Chemistry

Scientific Method

Applying
ApplyingScientific
ScientificMethod-
Method-Result,
Result,Analysis
Analysisand
andConclusion
Conclusion

Toinvestigate
To investigatethe
theeffect
effectof
oftemperature
temperatureon
onthe
thesolubility
solubilityof
of
saltin
salt inwater.
water.

Temperature of
Time
water / oC

Result 30 ?
Result: :

80 ?

 Time taken for salt to be dissolved in water is shorter at

80oC compared to 30oC.
Analysis
 Solubility of salt in water increases with the temperature
of water.

 The higher the temperature, the higher the solubility of

Conclusion
salt in water. Hypothesis is accepted.

Chemistry Form 4
THE END