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Database Management Systems

The document introduces database management systems and their components. It defines key terms like database, data, mini-world, and DBMS. It provides examples of entity relationships in a university database and how records would be stored. It describes typical DBMS functionality like defining and constructing databases, and manipulating data through queries. It outlines main characteristics of database systems like self-describing metadata, multiple views, data abstraction, and concurrent multi-user access.

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Haider Ali
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53 views17 pages

Database Management Systems

The document introduces database management systems and their components. It defines key terms like database, data, mini-world, and DBMS. It provides examples of entity relationships in a university database and how records would be stored. It describes typical DBMS functionality like defining and constructing databases, and manipulating data through queries. It outlines main characteristics of database systems like self-describing metadata, multiple views, data abstraction, and concurrent multi-user access.

Uploaded by

Haider Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Database Systems
Lecture 1

Introduction Database Management Systems


2

Database Management Systems

Today’s agenda
• Database introduction and definition
• DBMS functionalities
• Characteristics of database approach
3

Database Management Systems

Database definition
• A shared collection of logically related data,
designed to meet the information needs of
multiple users in an organization.
• The term database is often erroneously referred
to as a synonym for a “database management
system (DBMS)”.
4

Database Management Systems

Basic Definitions
• Database: A collection of related data.
• Data: Known facts that can be recorded and have
an implicit meaning.
• Mini-world: Some part of the real world about
which data is stored in a database. For example,
student grades and transcripts at a university.
• Database Management System (DBMS): A
software package/ system to facilitate the
creation and maintenance of a computerized
database.
• Database System: The DBMS software together
with the data itself. Sometimes, the applications
are also included.
5

Database Management Systems

A simplified database system environment


6

Database Management Systems

Typical DBMS Functionality


• Define a database : in terms of data types,
structures and constraints
• Construct or Load the Database on a secondary
storage medium
• Manipulating the database : querying,
generating reports, insertions, deletions and
modifications to its content
• Concurrent Processing and Sharing by a set of
users and programs – yet, keeping all data valid
and consistent
7

Database Management Systems

Typical DBMS Functionality


Other features:
▫ Protection or Security measures to
prevent unauthorized access
▫ “Active” processing to take internal
actions on data
▫ Presentation and Visualization of data
8

Database Management Systems

Example of a Database
(with a Conceptual Data Model)
• Mini-world for the example: Part of a
UNIVERSITY environment.
• Some mini-world entities:
▫ STUDENTs
▫ COURSEs
▫ SECTIONs (of COURSEs)
▫ (academic) DEPARTMENTs
▫ INSTRUCTORs
Note: The above could be expressed in the
ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP data model.
9

Database Management Systems

Example of a Database
(with a Conceptual Data Model)
• Some mini-world relationships:
▫ SECTIONs are of specific COURSEs
▫ STUDENTs take SECTIONs
▫ COURSEs have prerequisite COURSEs
▫ INSTRUCTORs teach SECTIONs
▫ COURSEs are offered by DEPARTMENTs
▫ STUDENTs major in DEPARTMENTs

Note: The above could be expressed in the


ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP data model.
10

Database Management Systems

Example of a database
11

Database Management Systems

Main Characteristics of the Database


Approach
• Self-describing nature of a database system: A
DBMS catalog stores the description of the
database. The description is called meta-
data). This allows the DBMS software to work
with different databases.
• Insulation between programs and data: Called
program-data independence. Allows
changing data storage structures and
operations without having to change the DBMS
access programs.
12

Database Management Systems

An Example of Database Catalog


13

Database Management Systems

Storage format for a student record


14

Database Management Systems

Main Characteristics of the Database


Approach
• Data Abstraction: A data model is used
to hide storage details and present the
users with a conceptual view of the
database.
• Support of multiple views of the data:
Each user may see a different view of the
database, which describes only the data
of interest to that user.
15

Database Management Systems

Student transcript and course prerequisites


view
16

Database Management Systems

Main Characteristics of the Database


Approach

• Sharing of data and multiuser transaction


processing : allowing a set of concurrent users
to retrieve and to update the database.
Concurrency control within the DBMS
guarantees that each transaction is correctly
executed or completely aborted. OLTP (Online
Transaction Processing) is a major part of
database applications.
17

Database Management Systems

Summary
• Introduction
• Basic definitions
▫ Database
▫ Data
▫ Mini world
▫ DBMS
▫ Database systems
• An example database
• Functionalities of database systems
• Characteristics of database systems

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