Lect6 Logicaleffort
Lect6 Logicaleffort
Logical
Effort
Outline
Logical Effort
Delay in a Logic Gate
Multistage Logic Networks
Choosing the Best Number of Stages
Example
Summary
4:16 Decoder
Decoder specifications:
16 words
16
Register File
– 16 word register file
– Each word is 32 bits wide
– Each bit presents load of 3 unit-sized transistors
– True and complementary address inputs A[3:0]
– Each input may drive 10 unit-sized transistors
Ben needs to decide:
– How many stages to use?
– How large should each gate be?
– How fast can decoder operate?
Normalized Delay: d
5 p=2
What about d = (4/3)h + 2
4 g=1
NOR2? p=1
3 d=h+1
2 Effort Delay: f
1
Parasitic Delay: p
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Electrical Effort:
h = Cout / Cin
10
x z
y
20
g1 = 1 g2 = 5/3 g3 = 4/3 g4 = 1
h1 = x/10 h2 = y/x h3 = z/y h4 = 20/z
h i BH
Now we compute the path effort
– F = GBH
Path Delay D d i DF P
fˆ gi hi F
1
N
ˆf gh g Cout
Cin
gi Couti
Cini
fˆ
Working backward, apply capacitance
transformation to find input capacitance of each gate
given load it drives.
Check work by verifying input cap spec is met.
y
x
45
A 8
x
y B
45
y
x
45
A 8
x
y B
45
y
x
45
45
A P:
84 P:
x 4
N: 4 P:
y 12 B
B
N: 6 45
N: 3 45
8 4 2.8
D = NF1/N + P 16 8
= N(64)1/N + N
23
Datapath Load 64 64 64 64
N: 1 2 3 4
f: 64 8 4 2.8
D: 65 18 15 15.3
Fastest
D NF pi N n1 pinv
1
N Path Effort F
i 1
D 1 1 1
F N ln F N F N pinv 0
N
1
Define best stage effort F N
pinv 1 ln 0
D(N) /D(N)
1.4
1.26
1.2 1.15
1.0
(=6) ( =2.4)
0.0
0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 2.0
N/ N
4:16 Decoder
Decoder specifications:
16 words
16
Register File
– 16 word register file
– Each word is 32 bits wide
– Each bit presents load of 3 unit-sized transistors
– True and complementary address inputs A[3:0]
– Each input may drive 10 unit-sized transistors
Ben needs to decide:
– How many stages to use?
– How large should each gate be?
– How fast can decoder operate?
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
y z word[0]
y z word[15]
effort delay f DF f i
parasitic delay p P pi
delay d f p D d i DF P
gi Couti
6) Find gate sizes Cini
fˆ
20
10 40
30 40
3. Explain the delay estimation of a fanout-of-1 inverter (slide 10)
4. Explain the tpdr and tpdf delay estimation of 3-input NAND driving h
identical gates (slide 15).
5. Estimate delay for the gates: AOI21, OAI31
6. What is logical effort?
7. What is parasitic delay?
8. Estimate the delay of the following gate: