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1.0 Introduction (Partc)

The document discusses the ANSI-SPARC three-level architecture for database systems. It consists of three levels - the external level, conceptual level, and internal level. The external level contains users' views of the database. The conceptual level describes the overall data structure and relationships. The internal level describes how data is physically stored. The objectives of this architecture are to achieve logical and physical data independence and allow different views and storage changes without affecting other levels.

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Mat Jakpar
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50 views15 pages

1.0 Introduction (Partc)

The document discusses the ANSI-SPARC three-level architecture for database systems. It consists of three levels - the external level, conceptual level, and internal level. The external level contains users' views of the database. The conceptual level describes the overall data structure and relationships. The internal level describes how data is physically stored. The objectives of this architecture are to achieve logical and physical data independence and allow different views and storage changes without affecting other levels.

Uploaded by

Mat Jakpar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

CHA PT E R 1

INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
(PART C)
There are a few objectives that you
should achieve from this
presentation

• UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF ANSI-SPARC THREE LEVEL


ARCHITECTURE

2
THREE LEVEL ANSI-SPARC
ARCHITECTURE

3
View 1 View 2 View 3
LEVEL 1 : EXTERNAL LAYER

LEVEL 2 : CONCEPTUAL LAYER Conceptual


Schema

LEVEL 3 : EXTERNAL LAYER Internal


Schema

Database

ANSI-SPARC THREE LEVEL ARCHITECTURE

4
View 1 View 2 View 3
LEVEL 1 : EXTERNAL LAYER

• users’ view of the database.


• describes that part of the database Conceptual
that is relevant to each user Schema

Internal
Schema

• Different user might need to view data differently.


Database

ANSI-SPARC THREE LEVEL ARCHITECTURE

5
View 1 View 2 View 3
LEVEL 2 : CONCEPTUAL LAYER

• community view of the database.


• describes what data is stored in the database
Conceptual
and the relationships among the data. Schema

Internal
Schema
• Contain whole data about entity

Database

ANSI-SPARC THREE LEVEL ARCHITECTURE

6
View 1 View 2 View 3
LEVEL 3 : INTERNAL LAYER

• physical representation of the database on


the computer. Conceptual
• describes how the data is stored in the Schema
database

Internal
Schema

Database

ANSI-SPARC THREE LEVEL ARCHITECTURE

7
ANSI-SPARC THREE LEVEL ARCHITECTURE

8
OBJECTIVES OF THREE-
LEVEL ARCHITECTURE
1 All users should be able to access same data.

A user's view is immune to changes made in other


2
views.

Users should not need to know physical database


3
storage details.

9
OBJECTIVES OF THREE-
LEVEL ARCHITECTURE
4
DBA should be able to change database storage
structures without affecting the users' views.

5
Internal structure of database should be unaffected
by changes to physical aspects of storage.

DBA should be able to change conceptual structure of


6
database without affecting all users.

10
DATA INDEPENDENCE AND THE ANSI-SPARC THREE-
LEVEL ARCHITECTURE

11
DATA INDEPENDENCE
• All objectives of three level architecture is to support main objectives that is DATA
INDEPENDENCE

• Data independence refer to the situation where upper levels are unaffected by
changes of lower levels

• There are 2 category of DATA INDEPENDENCE that are :

LOGICAL DATA PHYSICAL DATA


INDEPENDENCE INDEPENDENCE

12
LOGICAL DATA INDEPENDENCE

Logical data dependence


• Refers to immunity of external External External External
schemas to changes in Schema 1 Schema 2 Schema 3
conceptual schema.

• Conceptual schema changes Mapping


conceptual Conceptual
(e.G. Addition/removal of to external Schema
entities).

• Should not require changes to Internal


external schema or rewrites of
Schema
application programs.

13
PHYSICAL DATA INDEPENDENCE

• Refers to immunity of External External External


conceptual schema to changes Schema 1 Schema 2 Schema 3
in the internal schema.

• Internal schema changes (e.g.

Physical data dependence


using different file organizations, Conceptual
storage structures/devices). Schema
Mapping
• Should not require change to internal to
conceptual or external schemas. conceptual
Internal
Schema

14
Write up a summary of
what you have learn this
week in your website

REFLECTION Include a Sketch of


mind-map

Put your link of website


in online forum :
Reflection week 1

15

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