Internet of Things (IoT)

Examination Scheme : 80 M Theory

20 M Class Test
50 M Practical Exam
Ref Book :
• Jan Holler, VlasiosTsiatsis, Catherine Mulligan, Stefan Avesand, StamatisKarnouskos,
David Boyle, “From Machine-to-Machine to the Internet of Things: Introduction to a
New Age of Intelligence”, 1st Edition, Academic Press, 2014.

• Vijay Madisetti and ArshdeepBahga, “Internet of Things (A Hands-on-

Approach)”, 1stEdition, VPT, 2014.

• Francis daCosta, “Rethinking the Internet of Things: A Scalable Approach to

Connecting Everything”, 1st Edition, Apress Publications, 2013

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 Unit 1-: Introduction to Internet of Things (6 Hrs)

• Introduction to IoT
• Overview of IoT
• What is IoT ?
• Why IoT
• Vision of IoT
• Characteristics of IoT
• Four Pillars of IoT
• Challenges and requirements of IoT
• Opportunities for IoT
• Introduction M2M- M2M to IoT
• An emerging industrial structure for IoT
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 Introduction

In 2008 the number of things connected to

the Internet was greater than the people
living on Earth.

Within 2020 the number of things

connected to the Internet will be about 50
billion.
Internet Usage and Population Statistics
 Global Data Generation

- Everyday around 20 quintillion (10^18) bytes

of data are produced (Source:
http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/bigda
ta/
).

- This data includes textual content

(unstructured, semi-structured, structured) to
multimedia content (images, video and audio),
on a variety of platforms (enterprise, social
media, and sensors). 5
 Sensor devices are becoming widely available

- Programmable devices
- Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools

6
Typical Views of the Internet of Things

Industrial Automation Smart Health

Smart Home Smart City

 The Internet of Things

The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects, refers to a wireless
network between objects, usually the network will be wireless and self-
configuring, such as household appliances.
------Wikipedia

Internet of Things refers to the concept that the Internet is no

longer just a global network for people to communicate with one
another using computers, but it is also a platform for devices to
communicate electronically with the world around them.”
--Center for Data and Innovation
 The Internet of Things
• IoT is a seamless connected network system of embedded
objects/ devices, with identifiers, in which communication
without any human intervention is possible using standard
and interoperable communication protocols

• The term Internet of Things generally refers to scenarios

where network connectivity and computing capability
extends to objects, sensors and everyday items not normally
considered computers, allowing these devices to generate,
exchange and consume data with minimal human
intervention.
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 The Internet of Things
• IoT is a scenario in which objects, animals or
people are provided with unique identifiers and
the ability to automatically transfer the data
over a network without requiring human-to-
human or human-to-computer interaction

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 The Internet of Things
• IoT is the convergence of following technologies

1. Wireless and Bluetooth – QoS, latency and

security
2. Microsystems, Sensors and Actuators &
miniaturization of the same.
3. Cloud technologies – security, privacy,
4. Networks – Ipv6, lower latencies, security

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 The Internet of Things
• 6 A connectivity is there in IoT:
 Anything
 Anytime
 Anyone
 Any place
 Any services
 Any network

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 The Internet of Things
• Internet of Things Consortium mentions 4 principles for IoT –

1. Value –Make consumers live more efficient, safer and

seamless.
2. Data – help consumers understand the benefits and value of
their data.
3. Security – build consumer confidence around IoT experiences
4. Design–delight consumers with intuitive design and usability.

Cisco puts it the best way – calling it “Internet of Everything”.

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 History
• 1997, “The Internet of Things” is the seventh in the
series of ITU Internet Reports originally launched in
1997 under the title “Challenges to the Network”.
• 1999, Auto-ID Center founded in MIT – Keven Ashton.
The term Internet of Things was first used by Kevin
Ashton in 1999.
• 2003, EPC Global founded in MIT
• 2005, Four important technologies of the internet of
things was proposed in WSIS conference.
• 2008, First international conference of internet of
things: The IOT 2008 was held at Zurich.
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 Why should I learn about IoT?
• Business trend
• Emerging technologies
• Growing IoT Services and Application

15
 Opportunities

16
Source: http://blog.trentonsystems.com/internet-of-things-crosses-business-personal-boundaries/
Technology trend

17
 Market growth
• “According to a study conducted by Frost & Sullivan in 2011, the global RFID
market of $3 billion to $4 billion (in 2009) will grow by twelve percent per
year through 2016 and reach a volume of approximately $6.5 billion to almost
$9 billion.”
• 80 percent of all households in the European Union are expected to have
intelligent power meters by 2020.
• A building’s energy management can then be monitored and administered
remotely via a smartphone or a PC. Market experts predict that this global
market, which represented $5.3 billion in 2010.
• In February 2012 the Chinese government therefore decided to set up a fund
of approximately $775 million to support this field in the next five years. It will
grow to $11 billion by 2015.
– This sector is expected to grow to $116 billion by 2015, according to a
report published by the Xinhua News Agency in late 2010.

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 Characteristics
Ambient
Intelligence Flexible
Structure

Event Internet of Things

Driven

Semantic
Sharing
Complex Access
Technologies
 Enabling Technologies

RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech

To identify To collect To enhance the To make the

and track and process power of the smaller and
the data of the data to network by smaller things
things detect the devolving have the
changes in processing ability to
the physical capabilities to connect and
status of different part of interact.
things the network.
 Applications of IoT
Management

Education
Retail
IoT
Applications

Food Logistics

Pharmaceuticals
• Management:
– Data
management
– Waste
management
– Urban planning
– Production
management
– ...
• Logistics:
– Warehouse,
management
• Inventory control
– Port management
• ETAs, ETDs
• Ships, boats,
containers, etc.
– Executable code
– …
• Retail:
– Intelligent
shopping
– Bar code in retail
– Electronic tags
– …
• Pharmaceuticals :
– Intelligent tags for drugs
– Drug usage tracking
– Pharma. Product
websites
--> Enable the emergency
treatment to be given
faster and more correct
• Food:
– Control geographical
origin
– Food production
management
– Nutrition calculations
 Prevent overproduction and
shortage
 Control food quality, health and
safety.
INTERNET OF
THINGS
Smart Things Timeline
 Challenges and Issues
• Issues
– Society: People, security, privacy
• A policy for people in the Internet of Things:
• Legislation
– Environmental aspects
• Resource efficiency
• Pollution and disaster avoidance
– Technological
• Architecture (edge devices, servers, discovery services, security, etc.)
• Governance, naming, identity, interfaces
• Service openness, interoperability
• Connections of real and virtual world
• Standards
 Challenges and Issues
IoT will inherit the drawbacks of the current internet
on an infinitely larger, but more invisible scale
– Privacy – will be a huge issue when implementing IoT
– Identity - Online Fragmentation of Identity
– Efficiency – speed - person loses identity and is an IP
address
– Decisions – do not delegate too much of our decision
making and freedom of choice to things and machines
– Balancing
 Challenges and Issues
• Transition to IPv6 – Internet protocol v6
• Estalishing a common set of standards between
companies, educational systems, and nations.
– The same type of cabling,
– The same applications or programming
– The same protocol or set of rules that will apply to all
• Developing energy sources for millions -even billions - of
sensors.
– Wind
– Solar,
– Hydro-electric
Hype Cycle of IoT