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Chapter 2 IT

This document discusses different types of information systems. It begins by describing transaction processing systems (TPS), including online and batch systems. It then discusses the transaction processing cycle and how TPS are used for data entry, processing, database maintenance, and generating documents and reports. The document also covers office automation systems, management information systems (MIS), and decision support systems (DSS). It provides details on the characteristics, types, and architectures of these various information systems.

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nithish patkar
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49 views41 pages

Chapter 2 IT

This document discusses different types of information systems. It begins by describing transaction processing systems (TPS), including online and batch systems. It then discusses the transaction processing cycle and how TPS are used for data entry, processing, database maintenance, and generating documents and reports. The document also covers office automation systems, management information systems (MIS), and decision support systems (DSS). It provides details on the characteristics, types, and architectures of these various information systems.

Uploaded by

nithish patkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Kinds of Information System


Transaction Processing System
Types of TPS
 online system

 Batch systems
Types of TPS
It enables one or more of the
following activities:
 Storing transaction data to create a file of
transaction record

 Sorting, sequencing or arranging records

 Merging the contents of two or more files

 Performing calculations on the file data


 Accumulating amounts to develop summary
totals

 Storing data for future use

 Retrieving stored data

 Displaying or printing out the data and/ or


reports from files
Reports and documents
 Update master files
 Produces reports
 Produces customer statement
 Produces documents: - action documents

- information documents
- turnaround documents
- edit reports.
TRANSACTION PROCESSING CYCLE
Transaction Processing System
Definition:
 Cross-functional information systems that
process data resulting from the occurrence of
business transactions

 Transactions – events that occur as part of


doing business

 Online Transaction Processing Systems (OLTP)


– real-time systems that capture and process
transactions immediately
Transaction Processing Cycle
 Data Entry – capture of business data

 Transaction Processing
◦ Batch – transaction data are accumulated over a
period of time and processed periodically
◦ Real-Time – data are processed immediately after a
transaction occurs
Transaction Processing Cycle
 Database Maintenance – updating corporate
databases of an organization to reflect changes
resulting from day-to-day business transactions

 Document and Report Generation – including


transaction documents, transaction listings and
error reports

 Inquiry Processing – making inquiries and


receiving responses concerning the results of
transaction processing activities
OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEM
(OAS)
 What it is????

 What it does????

 Whom it helps????
Office Publishing System
 Word processing

 Desktop publishing
 Voice store and forward systems

 Electronic meeting systems (EMS)

 Tele-conferencing

 multimedia
Management Information System
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
◦ Support operation
◦ Management and control
◦ Routine, normal operations
Management Information Systems (MIS)
◦ Provide decision-making support for routine,
structured decisions
◦ Closely linked to and fed by TPS
MIS
 Terminology Confusion
◦ MIS = the study of information
technology in business settings
◦ But, MIS is also term to refer to class
of systems used to support
operational and tactical decision
making
A Model for Problem Solving
 Decision Making Phase
◦ Intelligence gathering
◦ Design
◦ Choice
 Implementation
 Monitoring
Decision Making
 A step in problem solving
 Intelligence gathering
◦ Definition of problem
◦ Data gathered on scope
◦ Constraints identified
 Design phase
◦ Alternatives identified and assessed
 Choice
◦ Selection of an alternative
Structured vs. Unstructured Problems
 Structured problems lend themselves to
programmed decisions
◦ The implication is that a repeatable
process can be employed and these
can be automated
 Unstructured problems require
unprogrammed decisions
Unstructured Problems
 Can be addressed (or partially addressed)
with Decision Support Systems
Structured Problems
 Can be addressed by an MIS
 Three decision models or techniques

◦ Optimization
 Find the best solution
◦ Satisfying
 Find a solution which meets certain
criteria
◦ Heuristics
 Rule-based solution generation
Goals of MIS
 Provide managers with information
 Regular, routine operations
 Control, organize and plan better
Typical Inputs and Outputs
 Inputs: Information from the TPS
 Outputs: hard and softcopy reports

◦ Scheduled reports
◦ On-demand reports
◦ Key-indicator (business
fundamentals)
◦ Exception reports
Functional Perspectives of MIS
 Financial MIS
◦ Will integrate information from
multiple sources
◦ Functions
 Costing
 P&L reporting
 Auditing
 Funds management
Functional Perspectives of MIS
 Manufacturing
◦ Design and Engineering
◦ Master Production Scheduling
◦ Inventory Control
◦ Materials Planning
◦ Manufacturing and Process Control
◦ Quality Control
Functional Perspectives of MIS
 Marketing
◦ Market research
 Web-based market research
◦ Pricing
Functional Perspectives of MIS
 Transportation and Logistics
◦ Route and schedule optimization
 Human Resources
 Accounting
Characteristics of MIS
 Management oriented
 Management Directed
 Integrated
 Common Data Flows
 Strategic Planning
 Bias Towards Centralization
 Information and communication technology

Enabled
Decision support system (DSS)
 Defined as interactive computer based systems, which
help decision makers utilize data and models to solve
unstructured problems.
Architecture of DSS
Types of DSS
 Status inquiry systems
 Data analysis systems
 Information analysis systems
 Accounting systems
 Model based systems
DSS models
 Behavioural models

 Management science model

 Operation research (OR) model


Characteristics
 Solves complex problem
 Fast response
 Facilitates communication
 Decision generators
 Constructed to support one time decisions
GROUP DSS
 Interactive , computer based system that
facilitates solution of unstructured problems
by a set of decision makers working together as
a group.
MIS and DSS
GDSS
 Applications
◦ Where time is critical
◦ Where participants are geographically dispersed
◦ Where authority obstructs communication
◦ Military
◦ Business
◦ Government
Expert system
 A computer based information system in
which knowledge is represented in data, in
which the processing of the knowledge is
directed, primarily by computer programs.
Executive information system (EIS)
 A set of computer based tools with certain
features that help managers to quickly
retrieve , analyze , navigate, summarize and
disseminate large volume of data.
EIS model

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